{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2YQJFOJZG4WT","short_pith_number":"pith:O7T7GXPZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.06052","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2024-11-09T03:30:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"904e06aaa85a5f5197ed1a85747b9bd9ce7cc5260ef8d14ef2e35850223c3f90","abstract_canon_sha256":"42f63b3ef7d708cef94e2b3a0429161ba525185f8c4ed0fe771189a912a9611f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"77e7f35df9e43ef74b58824ae4e4dcb4d760512536695e42f3b542073268769d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.06052","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.06052","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.06052v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.06052","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O7T7GXPZ4Q7P","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O7T7GXPZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2YQJFOJZG4WT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.06052","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2024-11-09T03:30:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"904e06aaa85a5f5197ed1a85747b9bd9ce7cc5260ef8d14ef2e35850223c3f90","abstract_canon_sha256":"42f63b3ef7d708cef94e2b3a0429161ba525185f8c4ed0fe771189a912a9611f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"77e7f35df9e43ef74b58824ae4e4dcb4d760512536695e42f3b542073268769d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15.778742Z","signature_b64":"rmg/jZ7Kno+VEMFIEHtgixlN3kSXBMfhWnbkZTQU4RLYNgUEuNUZ+n7qxSDCxNsP5tgEYRFxVDYzx4apnU1RCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"77e7f35df9e43ef74b58824ae4e4dcb4d760512536695e42f3b542073268769d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15.778206Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15.778206Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.06052","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pPb5oPBCw2bHaODxhcU5qZgelqGfKqhW1vxFy4BZLf9PqhU4R94c/MT6yTW3V5kUsy/eO974LLfzSZAbEijmDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T14:31:53.624031Z"},"content_sha256":"5c396c3b2ae665d99be22b7631a33b9538192fc822deddeb49a905a72123432d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5c396c3b2ae665d99be22b7631a33b9538192fc822deddeb49a905a72123432d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2YQJFOJZG4WT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantum causal inference via scattering circuits in NMR","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Dawei Lu, Hongfeng Liu, Oscar Dahlsten, Qian Chen, Vlatko Vedral, Xiangjing Liu, Xinfang Nie, Yixian Qiu","submitted_at":"2024-11-09T03:30:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report NMR scattering circuit experiments that reveal causal structure. The scattering circuit involves interacting a probe qubit with the system of interest and finally measuring the probe qubit. The scattering circuit thereby implements a coarse-grained projective measurement. Causal structure refers to which events influence others and in the quantum case corresponds to different quantum circuit structures. In classical scenarios, intervention is commonly used to infer causal structure. In this quantum scenario of a bipartite system at two times, we demonstrate via scattering circuit exp"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.06052","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.06052/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9thBe5XGcXuebhTFNVeE9ymXpDjNdS0wLQhfkebfXFd+XRle6puqUKtu4EYeLxGdOm2rmlsorqnwzDr0fd54Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T14:31:53.624703Z"},"content_sha256":"c107d38be48642045df9c91bff0413b5465a9959a3d292bc13f6ccd81cb91713","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c107d38be48642045df9c91bff0413b5465a9959a3d292bc13f6ccd81cb91713"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2YQJFOJZG4WT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2YQJFOJZG4WT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2YQJFOJZG4WT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T14:31:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2YQJFOJZG4WT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2YQJFOJZG4WT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2YQJFOJZG4WT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2YQJFOJZG4WT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2YQJFOJZG4WT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"42f63b3ef7d708cef94e2b3a0429161ba525185f8c4ed0fe771189a912a9611f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2024-11-09T03:30:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"904e06aaa85a5f5197ed1a85747b9bd9ce7cc5260ef8d14ef2e35850223c3f90"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.06052","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.06052","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.06052v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.06052","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O7T7GXPZ4Q7P","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O7T7GXPZ4Q7POS2Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O7T7GXPZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c107d38be48642045df9c91bff0413b5465a9959a3d292bc13f6ccd81cb91713","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.06052/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We report NMR scattering circuit experiments that reveal causal structure. The scattering circuit involves interacting a probe qubit with the system of interest and finally measuring the probe qubit. The scattering circuit thereby implements a coarse-grained projective measurement. Causal structure refers to which events influence others and in the quantum case corresponds to different quantum circuit structures. In classical scenarios, intervention is commonly used to infer causal structure. In this quantum scenario of a bipartite system at two times, we demonstrate via scattering circuit exp","authors_text":"Dawei Lu, Hongfeng Liu, Oscar Dahlsten, Qian Chen, Vlatko Vedral, Xiangjing Liu, Xinfang Nie, Yixian Qiu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2024-11-09T03:30:19Z","title":"Quantum causal inference via scattering circuits in NMR"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.06052","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5c396c3b2ae665d99be22b7631a33b9538192fc822deddeb49a905a72123432d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"42f63b3ef7d708cef94e2b3a0429161ba525185f8c4ed0fe771189a912a9611f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2024-11-09T03:30:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"904e06aaa85a5f5197ed1a85747b9bd9ce7cc5260ef8d14ef2e35850223c3f90"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.06052","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"77e7f35df9e43ef74b58824ae4e4dcb4d760512536695e42f3b542073268769d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"77e7f35df9e43ef74b58824ae4e4dcb4d760512536695e42f3b542073268769d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15.778206Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15.778206Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rmg/jZ7Kno+VEMFIEHtgixlN3kSXBMfhWnbkZTQU4RLYNgUEuNUZ+n7qxSDCxNsP5tgEYRFxVDYzx4apnU1RCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:33:15.778742Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.06052","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5c396c3b2ae665d99be22b7631a33b9538192fc822deddeb49a905a72123432d","sha256:c107d38be48642045df9c91bff0413b5465a9959a3d292bc13f6ccd81cb91713"],"state_sha256":"a900c8809d183380d08bb7e3943e8d1d6cab701c03ca0ea25f801cfdec56a67c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tMIGlUQ25Df56kQfvenOFFGK9KLTt9iHBEXdqzA2iKTQlgGV7gwpwI882o3yBkk4b7AOYFGclrOc47dwdrSwDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T14:31:53.634758Z","bundle_sha256":"55884c7051b9edcdb8dbf01fcb92d318eb542c0058afbf961c97f913e20e47ef"}}