{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A","short_pith_number":"pith:O7WZI26K","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"77ed946bca0db5dd09f078a832e325e828dccda06848dae28e87de13e7a48069","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1507.08315","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Thermal convection in a liquid metal battery","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Oleg Zikanov, Yuxin Shen","submitted_at":"2015-07-29T20:53:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Generation of thermal convection flow in the liquid metal battery, a device recently proposed as a promising solution for the problem of the short-term energy storage, is analyzed using a numerical model. It is found that convection caused by Joule heating of electrolyte during charging or discharging is virtually unavoidable. It exists in laboratory prototypes larger than a few cm in size and should become much stronger in larger-scale batteries. The phenomenon needs further investigation in view of its positive (enhanced mixing of reactants) and negative (loss of efficiency and possible disr"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1507.08315","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2015-07-29T20:53:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"05afdd42145c3a1d521fc320ef9ac1a1476ddaf1d2096906b3ed9259baef808d","abstract_canon_sha256":"58ad3d7d60820dedf3c4907f3b120fd7c0b7965ac3c53543c43081f1c23eb9e3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:17.729701Z","signature_b64":"hv2RhK3MebV6qivpzExLr9tNRbTCq2Zg5iOWBNw/RciFTUCdr6mQ+NvW6Kwq3MLqYToeCjyqehEUkELRa83oBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"77ed946bca0db5dd09f078a832e325e828dccda06848dae28e87de13e7a48069","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:17.729136Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:17.729136Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Thermal convection in a liquid metal battery","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Oleg Zikanov, Yuxin Shen","submitted_at":"2015-07-29T20:53:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Generation of thermal convection flow in the liquid metal battery, a device recently proposed as a promising solution for the problem of the short-term energy storage, is analyzed using a numerical model. It is found that convection caused by Joule heating of electrolyte during charging or discharging is virtually unavoidable. It exists in laboratory prototypes larger than a few cm in size and should become much stronger in larger-scale batteries. The phenomenon needs further investigation in view of its positive (enhanced mixing of reactants) and negative (loss of efficiency and possible disr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1507.08315","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1507.08315","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:17.729222+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1507.08315v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:17.729222+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1507.08315","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:17.729222+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O7WZI26KBW25","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34.919912+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O7WZI26KBW252CPQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34.919912+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O7WZI26K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34.919912+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A","json":"https://pith.science/pith/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/O7WZI26K"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/O7WZI26K","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1507.08315&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/O7WZI26KBW252CPQPCUDFYZF5A/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:17.729222+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:52:17.729222+00:00"}