{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36WEV6O3I5NA","short_pith_number":"pith:OAG2HBC4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.12409","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-04-29T00:56:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0c012f4211c692dd6b2743e73394fe8391ce6f7a9b15de8bee20aa59115900b2","abstract_canon_sha256":"4769e7cbc15b03f9fe0f513bf235386996a597dc71aadae3d29a8387283072fd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"700da3845c7c3e931f7eb12be76d1d6811afc6b63c1f08dbdfaa32170450b3f1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1904.12409","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.12409","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.12409v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.12409","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OAG2HBC4PQ7J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OAG2HBC4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36WEV6O3I5NA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.12409","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-04-29T00:56:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0c012f4211c692dd6b2743e73394fe8391ce6f7a9b15de8bee20aa59115900b2","abstract_canon_sha256":"4769e7cbc15b03f9fe0f513bf235386996a597dc71aadae3d29a8387283072fd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"700da3845c7c3e931f7eb12be76d1d6811afc6b63c1f08dbdfaa32170450b3f1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08.637584Z","signature_b64":"5HkcuDsLrS9X7pNiipcI1wlX8iz958mBtFvWZo9iWoQvoh1jnNRQMe6IaV+GwDTOEXGSqpqoEJZDt/LCLFEPAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"700da3845c7c3e931f7eb12be76d1d6811afc6b63c1f08dbdfaa32170450b3f1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08.636942Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08.636942Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1904.12409","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sJTQEs/n3DXzQOJgKYnbpzScLy2LZbpizVJUt0KquIi4gE2mCCjkJM6FK/Ph9l+jUkyEZJhShdkucbxnYFkJDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T23:52:17.589299Z"},"content_sha256":"ee24cef7eb0dc147bc2ba09583fe3c4a23fe2b90f13b5c087165ab18a818dcb9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ee24cef7eb0dc147bc2ba09583fe3c4a23fe2b90f13b5c087165ab18a818dcb9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36WEV6O3I5NA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Algorithm Diversity for Resilient Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Scott D. Stoller, Yanhong A. Liu","submitted_at":"2019-04-29T00:56:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"Diversity can significantly increase the resilience of systems, by reducing the prevalence of shared vulnerabilities and making vulnerabilities harder to exploit. Work on software diversity for security typically creates variants of a program using low-level code transformations. This paper is the first to study algorithm diversity for resilience. We first describe how a method based on high-level invariants and systematic incrementalization can be used to create algorithm variants. Executing multiple variants in parallel and comparing their outputs provides greater resilience than executing o"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.12409","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oKXdBJTHgAzVo6UyaffVvMcXp1tDDsulV8ycWibiSc97tYHgxkMH61SWf3OeritRs1r/8TRqpiDO/nCjHfCgAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T23:52:17.589674Z"},"content_sha256":"af2d73b2558bb0ee084efc9b8036bcf430f2c5b803b93cd8949a0624fbbe7cdf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:af2d73b2558bb0ee084efc9b8036bcf430f2c5b803b93cd8949a0624fbbe7cdf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36WEV6O3I5NA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36WEV6O3I5NA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36WEV6O3I5NA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-21T23:52:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36WEV6O3I5NA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36WEV6O3I5NA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36WEV6O3I5NA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36WEV6O3I5NA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36WEV6O3I5NA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4769e7cbc15b03f9fe0f513bf235386996a597dc71aadae3d29a8387283072fd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-04-29T00:56:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"0c012f4211c692dd6b2743e73394fe8391ce6f7a9b15de8bee20aa59115900b2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.12409","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.12409","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.12409v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.12409","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OAG2HBC4PQ7J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OAG2HBC4PQ7JGH36","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OAG2HBC4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:af2d73b2558bb0ee084efc9b8036bcf430f2c5b803b93cd8949a0624fbbe7cdf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Diversity can significantly increase the resilience of systems, by reducing the prevalence of shared vulnerabilities and making vulnerabilities harder to exploit. Work on software diversity for security typically creates variants of a program using low-level code transformations. This paper is the first to study algorithm diversity for resilience. We first describe how a method based on high-level invariants and systematic incrementalization can be used to create algorithm variants. Executing multiple variants in parallel and comparing their outputs provides greater resilience than executing o","authors_text":"Scott D. Stoller, Yanhong A. Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-04-29T00:56:48Z","title":"Algorithm Diversity for Resilient Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.12409","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ee24cef7eb0dc147bc2ba09583fe3c4a23fe2b90f13b5c087165ab18a818dcb9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4769e7cbc15b03f9fe0f513bf235386996a597dc71aadae3d29a8387283072fd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-04-29T00:56:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"0c012f4211c692dd6b2743e73394fe8391ce6f7a9b15de8bee20aa59115900b2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.12409","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"700da3845c7c3e931f7eb12be76d1d6811afc6b63c1f08dbdfaa32170450b3f1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"700da3845c7c3e931f7eb12be76d1d6811afc6b63c1f08dbdfaa32170450b3f1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08.636942Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08.636942Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5HkcuDsLrS9X7pNiipcI1wlX8iz958mBtFvWZo9iWoQvoh1jnNRQMe6IaV+GwDTOEXGSqpqoEJZDt/LCLFEPAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:08.637584Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1904.12409","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ee24cef7eb0dc147bc2ba09583fe3c4a23fe2b90f13b5c087165ab18a818dcb9","sha256:af2d73b2558bb0ee084efc9b8036bcf430f2c5b803b93cd8949a0624fbbe7cdf"],"state_sha256":"a4a9593d73703a70a6860609cfbaee2e0ace10d4eede38f93da7216d7a4d12ce"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"S1MH0pX8kqHAKwPi360GnsoP2IjzjdDI0QfAL5trD0mDu4CSlWI9d5/vWmV0kDI1+gx3R1tT1s2DzVla0YZZDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T23:52:17.591600Z","bundle_sha256":"c6ea3895fe2258f3007a9d63c5af7b582f3d05c94356a919bb9f868c7641eb4f"}}