{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZQSC5XKG7K3","short_pith_number":"pith:OBM5NCI7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.00197","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-01T12:19:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3b16ae66102d7f039795ff0aadab3d8c25278c38f13e3fca25296a732f486723","abstract_canon_sha256":"cc22005f393916eef15b2deb14afa99135914c5a9c2bbfa02aba5ae8dbb9a6b6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7059d6891f8d22763c198485dba8df56d274f3d1f0f4a94806c003c423d36d3b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1812.00197","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.00197","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.00197v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.00197","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OBM5NCI7RURH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OBM5NCI7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZQSC5XKG7K3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.00197","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-01T12:19:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3b16ae66102d7f039795ff0aadab3d8c25278c38f13e3fca25296a732f486723","abstract_canon_sha256":"cc22005f393916eef15b2deb14afa99135914c5a9c2bbfa02aba5ae8dbb9a6b6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7059d6891f8d22763c198485dba8df56d274f3d1f0f4a94806c003c423d36d3b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21.840090Z","signature_b64":"a/sUF8yc35G54Nz6n5XwsNvjjGZ6a6/ZJ5QyASMl3kvbXJiJlhZ6Im5rx5xHWfBmMsI/6FuSVwtANq6dpQdNDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7059d6891f8d22763c198485dba8df56d274f3d1f0f4a94806c003c423d36d3b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21.839762Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21.839762Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1812.00197","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pr3Jzj+jjICWhzHR2R50/rgNfSGuMODNdUYf7GHZPbQS8YZd6cuj6dfY/eVrDQ0JJ6o1AImvWo7r52eMhUxgBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T14:00:31.173585Z"},"content_sha256":"6ce04f9de769d2a51a834d90b72f3c0e551a6a85c7cfa8642b1fe135d718143e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6ce04f9de769d2a51a834d90b72f3c0e551a6a85c7cfa8642b1fe135d718143e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZQSC5XKG7K3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"When a Patch is Not Enough - HardFails: Software-Exploitable Hardware Bugs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, Arun Kanuparthi, David Gens, Garrett Persyn, Ghada Dessouky, Hareesh Khattri, Jason M. Fung, Jeyavijayan Rajendran, Patrick Haney","submitted_at":"2018-12-01T12:19:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we take a deep dive into microarchitectural security from a hardware designer's perspective by reviewing the existing approaches to detect hardware vulnerabilities during the design phase. We show that a protection gap currently exists in practice that leaves chip designs vulnerable to software-based attacks. In particular, existing verification approaches fail to detect specific classes of vulnerabilities, which we call HardFails: these bugs evade detection by current verification techniques while being exploitable from software. We demonstrate such vulnerabilities in real-worl"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.00197","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BPzqAQj0LZwgIP49f2erpyC9x/RuwyGpZpB2Zfvkg32OkzdqZHV7zNO9iepshfVHm+VFryjOhKmuU7kxQXNVBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T14:00:31.174187Z"},"content_sha256":"e753a97b9aa504490138c75492ebe9e2713e505260dc1393aa90e2a7f53030d2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e753a97b9aa504490138c75492ebe9e2713e505260dc1393aa90e2a7f53030d2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZQSC5XKG7K3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZQSC5XKG7K3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZQSC5XKG7K3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T14:00:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZQSC5XKG7K3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZQSC5XKG7K3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZQSC5XKG7K3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZQSC5XKG7K3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZQSC5XKG7K3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cc22005f393916eef15b2deb14afa99135914c5a9c2bbfa02aba5ae8dbb9a6b6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-01T12:19:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"3b16ae66102d7f039795ff0aadab3d8c25278c38f13e3fca25296a732f486723"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.00197","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.00197","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.00197v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.00197","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OBM5NCI7RURH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OBM5NCI7RURHMPAZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OBM5NCI7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e753a97b9aa504490138c75492ebe9e2713e505260dc1393aa90e2a7f53030d2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we take a deep dive into microarchitectural security from a hardware designer's perspective by reviewing the existing approaches to detect hardware vulnerabilities during the design phase. We show that a protection gap currently exists in practice that leaves chip designs vulnerable to software-based attacks. In particular, existing verification approaches fail to detect specific classes of vulnerabilities, which we call HardFails: these bugs evade detection by current verification techniques while being exploitable from software. We demonstrate such vulnerabilities in real-worl","authors_text":"Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, Arun Kanuparthi, David Gens, Garrett Persyn, Ghada Dessouky, Hareesh Khattri, Jason M. Fung, Jeyavijayan Rajendran, Patrick Haney","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-01T12:19:48Z","title":"When a Patch is Not Enough - HardFails: Software-Exploitable Hardware Bugs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.00197","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6ce04f9de769d2a51a834d90b72f3c0e551a6a85c7cfa8642b1fe135d718143e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cc22005f393916eef15b2deb14afa99135914c5a9c2bbfa02aba5ae8dbb9a6b6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-01T12:19:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"3b16ae66102d7f039795ff0aadab3d8c25278c38f13e3fca25296a732f486723"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.00197","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7059d6891f8d22763c198485dba8df56d274f3d1f0f4a94806c003c423d36d3b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7059d6891f8d22763c198485dba8df56d274f3d1f0f4a94806c003c423d36d3b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21.839762Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21.839762Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"a/sUF8yc35G54Nz6n5XwsNvjjGZ6a6/ZJ5QyASMl3kvbXJiJlhZ6Im5rx5xHWfBmMsI/6FuSVwtANq6dpQdNDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:21.840090Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1812.00197","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6ce04f9de769d2a51a834d90b72f3c0e551a6a85c7cfa8642b1fe135d718143e","sha256:e753a97b9aa504490138c75492ebe9e2713e505260dc1393aa90e2a7f53030d2"],"state_sha256":"f20085fdf6499a80d1d7c639e430e9467162c9df55b3c7222fee867e4d78c85c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"S0XkfwdGLt520I6strhuduGDxup3dpdxbxMGZi2Re5lDf/M3V8J008TdQAKf0mI/TBwSUWhHtnUje27JSK03AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T14:00:31.177112Z","bundle_sha256":"5134629fac99784edb916b596f2350611691394744f7b812510869182448a757"}}