{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1995:OBQBRKADT6HEBP4IMH6BORBX27","short_pith_number":"pith:OBQBRKAD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9503311","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1995-03-13T15:43:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"ed9f1a8d3923dc4468ccaa092c5c26a5856f84f7182791015984d71a92fbccb7","abstract_canon_sha256":"3012f0996f15204856c89ff72790d8330584e8cee8c0bfdd662d9db1ce9d6fab"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"706018a8039f8e40bf8861fc174437d7c680ff750a27b2f091da190f91df9260","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-ph/9503311","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/9503311","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/9503311v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9503311","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OBQBRKADT6HE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OBQBRKADT6HEBP4I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OBQBRKAD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1995:OBQBRKADT6HEBP4IMH6BORBX27","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9503311","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1995-03-13T15:43:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"ed9f1a8d3923dc4468ccaa092c5c26a5856f84f7182791015984d71a92fbccb7","abstract_canon_sha256":"3012f0996f15204856c89ff72790d8330584e8cee8c0bfdd662d9db1ce9d6fab"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"706018a8039f8e40bf8861fc174437d7c680ff750a27b2f091da190f91df9260","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30.822455Z","signature_b64":"OZD/KixZ9QWbkFJSDa/WixH+g0/pOroNftUBJ7qmEv7L7X9BefQSsAd8rQR1dxYOqViwhqHQVDYuiIEjDr46DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"706018a8039f8e40bf8861fc174437d7c680ff750a27b2f091da190f91df9260","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30.821732Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30.821732Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-ph/9503311","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uewq06lkax4J2YsmB9jKZpdY7t004jNKxDB+Rr91OH+8Ou9Of6zC3qfgGPnjmGmxcq/u6NgR7EWNZ3l7IJr+DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-19T22:48:17.189295Z"},"content_sha256":"6ef02baf6dd0dde683232dc6d2f812a8ae9e139bd213f7171a9f435245433644","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6ef02baf6dd0dde683232dc6d2f812a8ae9e139bd213f7171a9f435245433644"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1995:OBQBRKADT6HEBP4IMH6BORBX27","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"DIAGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS OF QCD GAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS AND GAUGE CANCELLATIONS","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"C.S. Lam, Y.J. Feng","submitted_at":"1995-03-13T15:43:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Diagrammatic techniques are invented to implement QCD gauge transformations. These techniques can be used to discover how gauge-dependent terms are cancelled among diagrams to yield gauge-invariant results in the sum. In this way a multiloop pinching technique can be developed to change ordinary vertices into background-gauge vertices. The techniques can also be used to design new gauges to simplify calculations by reducing the number of gauge-dependent terms present in the intermediate steps. Two examples are discussed to illustrate this aspect of the applications."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9503311","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6+tjsPZyegolhFI6YaU43qtHr57QGZxIDedsK0Z0rN+ax1fjv6fGQeM9d/dBv/zw5b1BDXn8z+yOHN9lh1EyAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-19T22:48:17.189656Z"},"content_sha256":"f91f6800c2bd64f3cb9964028ff53f1a5a14ffe625b2d99d578b8d0c9692ddea","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f91f6800c2bd64f3cb9964028ff53f1a5a14ffe625b2d99d578b8d0c9692ddea"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OBQBRKADT6HEBP4IMH6BORBX27/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OBQBRKADT6HEBP4IMH6BORBX27/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OBQBRKADT6HEBP4IMH6BORBX27/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-19T22:48:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OBQBRKADT6HEBP4IMH6BORBX27","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OBQBRKADT6HEBP4IMH6BORBX27/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OBQBRKADT6HEBP4IMH6BORBX27/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OBQBRKADT6HEBP4IMH6BORBX27/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1995:OBQBRKADT6HEBP4IMH6BORBX27","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3012f0996f15204856c89ff72790d8330584e8cee8c0bfdd662d9db1ce9d6fab","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1995-03-13T15:43:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"ed9f1a8d3923dc4468ccaa092c5c26a5856f84f7182791015984d71a92fbccb7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/9503311","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/9503311","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/9503311v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9503311","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OBQBRKADT6HE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OBQBRKADT6HEBP4I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OBQBRKAD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f91f6800c2bd64f3cb9964028ff53f1a5a14ffe625b2d99d578b8d0c9692ddea","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Diagrammatic techniques are invented to implement QCD gauge transformations. These techniques can be used to discover how gauge-dependent terms are cancelled among diagrams to yield gauge-invariant results in the sum. In this way a multiloop pinching technique can be developed to change ordinary vertices into background-gauge vertices. The techniques can also be used to design new gauges to simplify calculations by reducing the number of gauge-dependent terms present in the intermediate steps. Two examples are discussed to illustrate this aspect of the applications.","authors_text":"C.S. Lam, Y.J. Feng","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1995-03-13T15:43:55Z","title":"DIAGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS OF QCD GAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS AND GAUGE CANCELLATIONS"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/9503311","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6ef02baf6dd0dde683232dc6d2f812a8ae9e139bd213f7171a9f435245433644","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3012f0996f15204856c89ff72790d8330584e8cee8c0bfdd662d9db1ce9d6fab","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"1995-03-13T15:43:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"ed9f1a8d3923dc4468ccaa092c5c26a5856f84f7182791015984d71a92fbccb7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/9503311","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"706018a8039f8e40bf8861fc174437d7c680ff750a27b2f091da190f91df9260","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"706018a8039f8e40bf8861fc174437d7c680ff750a27b2f091da190f91df9260","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30.821732Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30.821732Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OZD/KixZ9QWbkFJSDa/WixH+g0/pOroNftUBJ7qmEv7L7X9BefQSsAd8rQR1dxYOqViwhqHQVDYuiIEjDr46DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:06:30.822455Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-ph/9503311","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6ef02baf6dd0dde683232dc6d2f812a8ae9e139bd213f7171a9f435245433644","sha256:f91f6800c2bd64f3cb9964028ff53f1a5a14ffe625b2d99d578b8d0c9692ddea"],"state_sha256":"beb75ca55d111c38ce35828702c0a7b569206ed6a73420d00de09214bce2a751"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yn3ayHH6JWXy+yZ3/bxSTLvmw2dmh5GqCumURLhhhxLcqlrIi0Wh0v5AyZNj9u342ptW0mHRG+m7w/OwXKa6Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-19T22:48:17.193103Z","bundle_sha256":"b10d7927465a99a8eb7d0efbdb4517e3f9d735d5f7bb86cbc6500967f478a91e"}}