{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:OELEXFZW7FNI4JIPPUQDVJGROP","short_pith_number":"pith:OELEXFZW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2010.11939","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-10-22T17:59:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"51f916da6cea98fe74cc46a0b00b665771e126a2f7cf5df7c9e0e3f18789b6f4","abstract_canon_sha256":"a2b0f4c7bbfa8fd17ab63df19381192da4ddf2c50ffb330c36558569616e2822"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"71164b9736f95a8e250f7d203aa4d173f683d5e50f4b0c5e271f4c1a871f90dc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2010.11939","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2010.11939","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2010.11939v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2010.11939","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OELEXFZW7FNI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OELEXFZW7FNI4JIP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OELEXFZW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:OELEXFZW7FNI4JIPPUQDVJGROP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2010.11939","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-10-22T17:59:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"51f916da6cea98fe74cc46a0b00b665771e126a2f7cf5df7c9e0e3f18789b6f4","abstract_canon_sha256":"a2b0f4c7bbfa8fd17ab63df19381192da4ddf2c50ffb330c36558569616e2822"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"71164b9736f95a8e250f7d203aa4d173f683d5e50f4b0c5e271f4c1a871f90dc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34.229335Z","signature_b64":"hDuTT8NaJxizEt98lbPhtfYOEaTEAqhe+iuzK/ZwEr+UH4AhfCfA2bSdpam9Tmcv8wapfxs15A8GuAMpP4OYDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"71164b9736f95a8e250f7d203aa4d173f683d5e50f4b0c5e271f4c1a871f90dc","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34.228847Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34.228847Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2010.11939","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"78ta+fWvjMia7ClNF5oSQIGSLothY4PPq/nslJfudrxCbijWXGF/LmzuFKOm6CNzaBHhYlvTXPQ2g2TlcwhwCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T13:45:40.910517Z"},"content_sha256":"c3add20ec6aea170b58f014f9769583136728013f6f0dc1022531373c2a95573","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c3add20ec6aea170b58f014f9769583136728013f6f0dc1022531373c2a95573"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:OELEXFZW7FNI4JIPPUQDVJGROP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Limitations of Autoregressive Models and Their Alternatives","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Aaron Jaech, Chu-Cheng Lin, Jason Eisner, Matthew R. Gormley, Xin Li","submitted_at":"2020-10-22T17:59:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"Standard autoregressive language models perform only polynomial-time computation to compute the probability of the next symbol. While this is attractive, it means they cannot model distributions whose next-symbol probability is hard to compute. Indeed, they cannot even model them well enough to solve associated easy decision problems for which an engineer might want to consult a language model. These limitations apply no matter how much computation and data are used to train the model, unless the model is given access to oracle parameters that grow superpolynomially in sequence length.\n  Thus,"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2010.11939","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2010.11939/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7/k+ulYH+4uMkO1a1nrbJ+HtINQ8M/Wk+sn95+zbDbkNBautHJ2GQC62zBqs39Iv7zJ0eLQ7BqGzUnjbi95VAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T13:45:40.911302Z"},"content_sha256":"2316ef9a80bbb7542469ffb1d8123216ae8d49bae515ace455e90744d6d587ee","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2316ef9a80bbb7542469ffb1d8123216ae8d49bae515ace455e90744d6d587ee"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OELEXFZW7FNI4JIPPUQDVJGROP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OELEXFZW7FNI4JIPPUQDVJGROP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OELEXFZW7FNI4JIPPUQDVJGROP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T13:45:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OELEXFZW7FNI4JIPPUQDVJGROP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OELEXFZW7FNI4JIPPUQDVJGROP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OELEXFZW7FNI4JIPPUQDVJGROP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OELEXFZW7FNI4JIPPUQDVJGROP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:OELEXFZW7FNI4JIPPUQDVJGROP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a2b0f4c7bbfa8fd17ab63df19381192da4ddf2c50ffb330c36558569616e2822","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-10-22T17:59:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"51f916da6cea98fe74cc46a0b00b665771e126a2f7cf5df7c9e0e3f18789b6f4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2010.11939","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2010.11939","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2010.11939v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2010.11939","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OELEXFZW7FNI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OELEXFZW7FNI4JIP","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OELEXFZW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2316ef9a80bbb7542469ffb1d8123216ae8d49bae515ace455e90744d6d587ee","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2010.11939/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Standard autoregressive language models perform only polynomial-time computation to compute the probability of the next symbol. While this is attractive, it means they cannot model distributions whose next-symbol probability is hard to compute. Indeed, they cannot even model them well enough to solve associated easy decision problems for which an engineer might want to consult a language model. These limitations apply no matter how much computation and data are used to train the model, unless the model is given access to oracle parameters that grow superpolynomially in sequence length.\n  Thus,","authors_text":"Aaron Jaech, Chu-Cheng Lin, Jason Eisner, Matthew R. Gormley, Xin Li","cross_cats":["cs.CL","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-10-22T17:59:09Z","title":"Limitations of Autoregressive Models and Their Alternatives"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2010.11939","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c3add20ec6aea170b58f014f9769583136728013f6f0dc1022531373c2a95573","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a2b0f4c7bbfa8fd17ab63df19381192da4ddf2c50ffb330c36558569616e2822","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2020-10-22T17:59:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"51f916da6cea98fe74cc46a0b00b665771e126a2f7cf5df7c9e0e3f18789b6f4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2010.11939","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"71164b9736f95a8e250f7d203aa4d173f683d5e50f4b0c5e271f4c1a871f90dc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"71164b9736f95a8e250f7d203aa4d173f683d5e50f4b0c5e271f4c1a871f90dc","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34.228847Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34.228847Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hDuTT8NaJxizEt98lbPhtfYOEaTEAqhe+iuzK/ZwEr+UH4AhfCfA2bSdpam9Tmcv8wapfxs15A8GuAMpP4OYDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:34.229335Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2010.11939","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c3add20ec6aea170b58f014f9769583136728013f6f0dc1022531373c2a95573","sha256:2316ef9a80bbb7542469ffb1d8123216ae8d49bae515ace455e90744d6d587ee"],"state_sha256":"b233275c94f49bc3f9fcb410de291eb8e50b2cec8323427a04d9fa5077d21f51"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ySHQhwJ88ADaGAs1tFfBAmfeVjshQUMOYz4ITDFKbwC70+64KeUdYyS1aQ8sW4H1yWJEaOp36vqVYkdEnVWbCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T13:45:40.917419Z","bundle_sha256":"bca9914e1465c5fdb4e7e015e99ef5c5526fb8bda9f2da43eb8b44fb7ba74621"}}