{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:OFR6QJXAK5YY742LTVT7RTFZUB","short_pith_number":"pith:OFR6QJXA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.11898","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-07-16T04:29:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"title_canon_sha256":"3461bee1a3889cefdb37c7c65a8c2727eb0595ef711047dafb8f4b1cf70cf3db","abstract_canon_sha256":"8cb27d097773b367980bcfda3039fe207c2b6088aeca3a83daaa1ea69515e923"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7163e826e057718ff34b9d67f8ccb9a043653a837bb2e373b3d9a1fcaf7d271d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2507.11898","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.11898","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.11898v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.11898","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OFR6QJXAK5YY","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OFR6QJXAK5YY742L","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OFR6QJXA","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:OFR6QJXAK5YY742LTVT7RTFZUB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.11898","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-07-16T04:29:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"title_canon_sha256":"3461bee1a3889cefdb37c7c65a8c2727eb0595ef711047dafb8f4b1cf70cf3db","abstract_canon_sha256":"8cb27d097773b367980bcfda3039fe207c2b6088aeca3a83daaa1ea69515e923"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7163e826e057718ff34b9d67f8ccb9a043653a837bb2e373b3d9a1fcaf7d271d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53.081944Z","signature_b64":"RsCNTheeuhwis+K2H0uRJhpwhjPtilLVQl1E/n60kz4p1zA9NTMrAdrquld0EfErxV67doOomr4YTI+JIpM8Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7163e826e057718ff34b9d67f8ccb9a043653a837bb2e373b3d9a1fcaf7d271d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53.081418Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53.081418Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2507.11898","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1N7fDMvwmsz9/0+jAudR0WI5eRkOZOwkdFSy6gXF5CsmnYICbRgqOPHAHzM+tkeAJzmqJOssgGzCvRIcNyfpDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T05:14:56.479409Z"},"content_sha256":"cd11692e6a07cba39e1a83753ed2b26292243a2bf89eb9421d92c00dbb47051d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cd11692e6a07cba39e1a83753ed2b26292243a2bf89eb9421d92c00dbb47051d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:OFR6QJXAK5YY742LTVT7RTFZUB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Extremal Testing for Network Software using LLMs","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NI"],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"George Varghese, Harry Qian, Rathin Singha, Ryan Beckett, Siva Kesava Reddy Kakarla, Srinath Saikrishnan, Tracy Zhao","submitted_at":"2025-07-16T04:29:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"Physicists often manually consider extreme cases when testing a theory. In this paper, we show how to automate extremal testing of network software using LLMs in two steps: first, ask the LLM to generate input constraints (e.g., DNS name length limits); then ask the LLM to generate tests that violate the constraints. We demonstrate how easy this process is by generating extremal tests for HTTP, BGP and DNS implementations, each of which uncovered new bugs. We show how this methodology extends to centralized network software such as shortest path algorithms, and how LLMs can generate filtering "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.11898","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2507.11898/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6ectTQJDQmGukyRDTQ9taUwEkDYLlWa7ynmaSmYYeVwZu0/DOyuOPoXmo5Nx8lR0u1w6qqpyH0LNKY4w7Zf6Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T05:14:56.479931Z"},"content_sha256":"8e9693cc06366e841b63609ea78acde5c25d9ddefdd804747d77229fddf5cdbd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8e9693cc06366e841b63609ea78acde5c25d9ddefdd804747d77229fddf5cdbd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OFR6QJXAK5YY742LTVT7RTFZUB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OFR6QJXAK5YY742LTVT7RTFZUB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OFR6QJXAK5YY742LTVT7RTFZUB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T05:14:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OFR6QJXAK5YY742LTVT7RTFZUB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OFR6QJXAK5YY742LTVT7RTFZUB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OFR6QJXAK5YY742LTVT7RTFZUB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OFR6QJXAK5YY742LTVT7RTFZUB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:OFR6QJXAK5YY742LTVT7RTFZUB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8cb27d097773b367980bcfda3039fe207c2b6088aeca3a83daaa1ea69515e923","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-07-16T04:29:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"3461bee1a3889cefdb37c7c65a8c2727eb0595ef711047dafb8f4b1cf70cf3db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.11898","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.11898","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.11898v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.11898","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OFR6QJXAK5YY","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OFR6QJXAK5YY742L","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OFR6QJXA","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8e9693cc06366e841b63609ea78acde5c25d9ddefdd804747d77229fddf5cdbd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2507.11898/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Physicists often manually consider extreme cases when testing a theory. In this paper, we show how to automate extremal testing of network software using LLMs in two steps: first, ask the LLM to generate input constraints (e.g., DNS name length limits); then ask the LLM to generate tests that violate the constraints. We demonstrate how easy this process is by generating extremal tests for HTTP, BGP and DNS implementations, each of which uncovered new bugs. We show how this methodology extends to centralized network software such as shortest path algorithms, and how LLMs can generate filtering ","authors_text":"George Varghese, Harry Qian, Rathin Singha, Ryan Beckett, Siva Kesava Reddy Kakarla, Srinath Saikrishnan, Tracy Zhao","cross_cats":["cs.NI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-07-16T04:29:49Z","title":"Extremal Testing for Network Software using LLMs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.11898","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cd11692e6a07cba39e1a83753ed2b26292243a2bf89eb9421d92c00dbb47051d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8cb27d097773b367980bcfda3039fe207c2b6088aeca3a83daaa1ea69515e923","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2025-07-16T04:29:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"3461bee1a3889cefdb37c7c65a8c2727eb0595ef711047dafb8f4b1cf70cf3db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.11898","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7163e826e057718ff34b9d67f8ccb9a043653a837bb2e373b3d9a1fcaf7d271d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7163e826e057718ff34b9d67f8ccb9a043653a837bb2e373b3d9a1fcaf7d271d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53.081418Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53.081418Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"RsCNTheeuhwis+K2H0uRJhpwhjPtilLVQl1E/n60kz4p1zA9NTMrAdrquld0EfErxV67doOomr4YTI+JIpM8Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:37:53.081944Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2507.11898","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cd11692e6a07cba39e1a83753ed2b26292243a2bf89eb9421d92c00dbb47051d","sha256:8e9693cc06366e841b63609ea78acde5c25d9ddefdd804747d77229fddf5cdbd"],"state_sha256":"cc40de539213dc2dc192667abab33edb665944dae66d1f7e1c1380eae40f6604"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EZ9XLrTbI5wR/swZML/b9lgjKaxYm5D7rCdCEG6yloSN/78Seup1/Hykx0hDBxYOwox2CbtTqnocv6Zi+fLPAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T05:14:56.483456Z","bundle_sha256":"8c79f3400adb18c53adf2dfeb2e137d0c3e030534f2bc51708f81237e1183ee4"}}