{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2019:OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW","short_pith_number":"pith:OG42RQ3V","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"71b9a8c375a41281664af12aae5c23adb87c08cae9f38275250a39afacdf89bb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.06917","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Message Passing for Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.IR"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Axel Polleres, Javier David Fernandez Garcia, Maarten de Rijke, Michael Cochez, Svitlana Vakulenko","submitted_at":"2019-08-19T16:31:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"Question answering over knowledge graphs (KGQA) has evolved from simple single-fact questions to complex questions that require graph traversal and aggregation. We propose a novel approach for complex KGQA that uses unsupervised message passing, which propagates confidence scores obtained by parsing an input question and matching terms in the knowledge graph to a set of possible answers. First, we identify entity, relationship, and class names mentioned in a natural language question, and map these to their counterparts in the graph. Then, the confidence scores of these mappings propagate thro"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.06917","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2019-08-19T16:31:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.IR"],"title_canon_sha256":"637bac76e934f6bda5e36a23dc1e1fc30c38e4cb2c017613ec26d046543d2c34","abstract_canon_sha256":"0596fa79ceed67d6d7eeeb205f59318ebb3206bdcd39137a685ad97f80e02953"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:58:20.947738Z","signature_b64":"Y7YF5LCb16O/vPVm+AT940hWmLNhm1JQVs1JSk4HaFaAcHbzOywZAGpAK0rPjxMKDYQciwjztn49DFilFj9SBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"71b9a8c375a41281664af12aae5c23adb87c08cae9f38275250a39afacdf89bb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:58:20.947392Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:58:20.947392Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Message Passing for Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.IR"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Axel Polleres, Javier David Fernandez Garcia, Maarten de Rijke, Michael Cochez, Svitlana Vakulenko","submitted_at":"2019-08-19T16:31:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"Question answering over knowledge graphs (KGQA) has evolved from simple single-fact questions to complex questions that require graph traversal and aggregation. We propose a novel approach for complex KGQA that uses unsupervised message passing, which propagates confidence scores obtained by parsing an input question and matching terms in the knowledge graph to a set of possible answers. First, we identify entity, relationship, and class names mentioned in a natural language question, and map these to their counterparts in the graph. Then, the confidence scores of these mappings propagate thro"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.06917","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.06917/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.06917","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:58:20.947452+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.06917v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:58:20.947452+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.06917","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:58:20.947452+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OG42RQ3VUQJI","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:58:20.947452+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:58:20.947452+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OG42RQ3V","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:58:20.947452+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW","json":"https://pith.science/pith/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/OG42RQ3V"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/OG42RQ3V","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1908.06917&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/OG42RQ3VUQJICZSK6EVK4XBDVW/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:58:20.947452+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-04T23:58:20.947452+00:00"}