{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFWYHFMQARTAF","short_pith_number":"pith:OGSNFXSM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2010.00854","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-10-02T08:34:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"a7bd6b2921dee6e5992ac83b4ea0d09c1cf9c2877aab3dcea8732ec0a4628c8b","abstract_canon_sha256":"4ae66f2e06b5b0d0fbf65216433626ee23c9a48afc176362f6726dfc3c51f4dd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"71a4d2de4c69f83ad8b6c1cac802330149038cfe8020126e522c8066d67fbe88","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2010.00854","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2010.00854","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2010.00854v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2010.00854","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OGSNFXSMNH4D","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFW","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OGSNFXSM","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFWYHFMQARTAF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2010.00854","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-10-02T08:34:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"a7bd6b2921dee6e5992ac83b4ea0d09c1cf9c2877aab3dcea8732ec0a4628c8b","abstract_canon_sha256":"4ae66f2e06b5b0d0fbf65216433626ee23c9a48afc176362f6726dfc3c51f4dd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"71a4d2de4c69f83ad8b6c1cac802330149038cfe8020126e522c8066d67fbe88","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48.293339Z","signature_b64":"lLPgLz6rpORM9sY8nDlQOND+aP6cZA9Ie1H5MrgZn0u9ce5XDcu9SmWNn8EutxvN5KBsEPA47lx5UhdnrvkABQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"71a4d2de4c69f83ad8b6c1cac802330149038cfe8020126e522c8066d67fbe88","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48.292830Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48.292830Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2010.00854","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"S+wsC5JqW4QxET5W5Q/IzsMWkj3p8nKQBFYGmwlip4UeJis26bSwhpMAzTfu3tWLleIkpeLa82FlG7zubWDjCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T04:44:55.723093Z"},"content_sha256":"f79d29491bf46fcf01227480b35d247f7cceac7343ad5c412c51e9cbe180063e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f79d29491bf46fcf01227480b35d247f7cceac7343ad5c412c51e9cbe180063e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFWYHFMQARTAF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Which *BERT? A Survey Organizing Contextualized Encoders","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Benjamin Van Durme, Patrick Xia, Shijie Wu","submitted_at":"2020-10-02T08:34:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Pretrained contextualized text encoders are now a staple of the NLP community. We present a survey on language representation learning with the aim of consolidating a series of shared lessons learned across a variety of recent efforts. While significant advancements continue at a rapid pace, we find that enough has now been discovered, in different directions, that we can begin to organize advances according to common themes. Through this organization, we highlight important considerations when interpreting recent contributions and choosing which model to use."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2010.00854","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2010.00854/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"N3mARBbEnufw5GUdx6b6SnDDuBgONpQ8exiij33aYS0VxBHEQOIDql+a/Q2DEaS+LPWIbImZOjmFfjHmoJVRAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T04:44:55.723623Z"},"content_sha256":"e92664fc1475503f47e5a462e44ada6e07a31804e7776a79ecfdd121403483c3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e92664fc1475503f47e5a462e44ada6e07a31804e7776a79ecfdd121403483c3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFWYHFMQARTAF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFWYHFMQARTAF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFWYHFMQARTAF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T04:44:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFWYHFMQARTAF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFWYHFMQARTAF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFWYHFMQARTAF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFWYHFMQARTAF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFWYHFMQARTAF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4ae66f2e06b5b0d0fbf65216433626ee23c9a48afc176362f6726dfc3c51f4dd","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-10-02T08:34:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"a7bd6b2921dee6e5992ac83b4ea0d09c1cf9c2877aab3dcea8732ec0a4628c8b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2010.00854","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2010.00854","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2010.00854v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2010.00854","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OGSNFXSMNH4D","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OGSNFXSMNH4DVWFW","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OGSNFXSM","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e92664fc1475503f47e5a462e44ada6e07a31804e7776a79ecfdd121403483c3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2010.00854/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Pretrained contextualized text encoders are now a staple of the NLP community. We present a survey on language representation learning with the aim of consolidating a series of shared lessons learned across a variety of recent efforts. While significant advancements continue at a rapid pace, we find that enough has now been discovered, in different directions, that we can begin to organize advances according to common themes. Through this organization, we highlight important considerations when interpreting recent contributions and choosing which model to use.","authors_text":"Benjamin Van Durme, Patrick Xia, Shijie Wu","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-10-02T08:34:34Z","title":"Which *BERT? A Survey Organizing Contextualized Encoders"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2010.00854","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f79d29491bf46fcf01227480b35d247f7cceac7343ad5c412c51e9cbe180063e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4ae66f2e06b5b0d0fbf65216433626ee23c9a48afc176362f6726dfc3c51f4dd","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-10-02T08:34:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"a7bd6b2921dee6e5992ac83b4ea0d09c1cf9c2877aab3dcea8732ec0a4628c8b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2010.00854","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"71a4d2de4c69f83ad8b6c1cac802330149038cfe8020126e522c8066d67fbe88","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"71a4d2de4c69f83ad8b6c1cac802330149038cfe8020126e522c8066d67fbe88","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48.292830Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48.292830Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lLPgLz6rpORM9sY8nDlQOND+aP6cZA9Ie1H5MrgZn0u9ce5XDcu9SmWNn8EutxvN5KBsEPA47lx5UhdnrvkABQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:48.293339Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2010.00854","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f79d29491bf46fcf01227480b35d247f7cceac7343ad5c412c51e9cbe180063e","sha256:e92664fc1475503f47e5a462e44ada6e07a31804e7776a79ecfdd121403483c3"],"state_sha256":"2dff4df02aab5c3017436e3830a7d16d89975b0eb278ffd0bf404e20eec7fe97"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ONgLaE77T2L+rzCD2kMLbKH3I8yGX8ualSf2DAHuagOK1NPz0sxRyAcohEo+tTD1uUjdUqSOZ9ivDFI/rjh3CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T04:44:55.729451Z","bundle_sha256":"d9a7182df263ae4a70584aeef83c3f97a7f050a649e44e17d9b0c064bc211c10"}}