{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53QIXYNAZKMJ","short_pith_number":"pith:OHDVYJEX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2509.05382","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-09-05T01:01:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"a54f2a62d9245810ba32929198e3eabad7ee0348e7d258e4652a405421f35063","abstract_canon_sha256":"300189f9970dbe73004a8e154dafbd3958f08c6cda58fc98c5703ff4fdebbc64"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"71c75c2497b5a8d467bb822f86832a624d41cf668f9c1b16ded7cda21199bbf6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2509.05382","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2509.05382","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2509.05382v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.05382","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OHDVYJEXWWUN","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OHDVYJEX","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53QIXYNAZKMJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2509.05382","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-09-05T01:01:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"a54f2a62d9245810ba32929198e3eabad7ee0348e7d258e4652a405421f35063","abstract_canon_sha256":"300189f9970dbe73004a8e154dafbd3958f08c6cda58fc98c5703ff4fdebbc64"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"71c75c2497b5a8d467bb822f86832a624d41cf668f9c1b16ded7cda21199bbf6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46.222508Z","signature_b64":"g8ZXOfHLnp8e2lDsM7JmX2TFimG12INphPlra/nOK5GnSPcbKf6XD+4S4vZ/EcU7fnXtGzDVAbCkd3T4oiKKDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"71c75c2497b5a8d467bb822f86832a624d41cf668f9c1b16ded7cda21199bbf6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46.222046Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46.222046Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2509.05382","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nbSQmqwwme8ax9f6DMFB9UvRjnOvFKY3TSDIi5Jb5vhAhIp6Lh1/pj70QdP7+5iKZTu+VuQWRyYUB0u+in1OAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T18:09:33.513182Z"},"content_sha256":"f4f6e16fcf67b0fb5510573294eb73c0c805a1929ec8a29dfdad430ef419e41a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f4f6e16fcf67b0fb5510573294eb73c0c805a1929ec8a29dfdad430ef419e41a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53QIXYNAZKMJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"User Privacy and Large Language Models: An Analysis of Frontier Developers' Privacy Policies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Emily Capstick, Jennifer King, Kevin Klyman, Tiffany Saade, Victoria Hsieh","submitted_at":"2025-09-05T01:01:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"Hundreds of millions of people now regularly interact with large language models via chatbots. Model developers are eager to acquire new sources of high-quality training data as they race to improve model capabilities and win market share. This paper analyzes the privacy policies of six U.S. frontier AI developers to understand how they use their users' chats to train models. Drawing primarily on the California Consumer Privacy Act, we develop a novel qualitative coding schema that we apply to each developer's relevant privacy policies to compare data collection and use practices across the si"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2509.05382","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2509.05382/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jjdTapInrXTAFEvUTX3rWoaHgBTEKgMF9FqJhqA3W6u3a9ulsHyxgO4Ty/0LIpDCikHln+Zi1n64UwBdgooEBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T18:09:33.513671Z"},"content_sha256":"b0ece13dfff85748d791fa70c3f8777d3c3c1c99ed94c252167e16b3d1a89506","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b0ece13dfff85748d791fa70c3f8777d3c3c1c99ed94c252167e16b3d1a89506"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53QIXYNAZKMJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53QIXYNAZKMJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53QIXYNAZKMJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T18:09:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53QIXYNAZKMJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53QIXYNAZKMJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53QIXYNAZKMJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53QIXYNAZKMJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53QIXYNAZKMJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"300189f9970dbe73004a8e154dafbd3958f08c6cda58fc98c5703ff4fdebbc64","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-09-05T01:01:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"a54f2a62d9245810ba32929198e3eabad7ee0348e7d258e4652a405421f35063"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2509.05382","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2509.05382","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2509.05382v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.05382","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OHDVYJEXWWUN","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OHDVYJEXWWUNIZ53","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OHDVYJEX","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b0ece13dfff85748d791fa70c3f8777d3c3c1c99ed94c252167e16b3d1a89506","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2509.05382/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Hundreds of millions of people now regularly interact with large language models via chatbots. Model developers are eager to acquire new sources of high-quality training data as they race to improve model capabilities and win market share. This paper analyzes the privacy policies of six U.S. frontier AI developers to understand how they use their users' chats to train models. Drawing primarily on the California Consumer Privacy Act, we develop a novel qualitative coding schema that we apply to each developer's relevant privacy policies to compare data collection and use practices across the si","authors_text":"Emily Capstick, Jennifer King, Kevin Klyman, Tiffany Saade, Victoria Hsieh","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-09-05T01:01:21Z","title":"User Privacy and Large Language Models: An Analysis of Frontier Developers' Privacy Policies"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2509.05382","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f4f6e16fcf67b0fb5510573294eb73c0c805a1929ec8a29dfdad430ef419e41a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"300189f9970dbe73004a8e154dafbd3958f08c6cda58fc98c5703ff4fdebbc64","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2025-09-05T01:01:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"a54f2a62d9245810ba32929198e3eabad7ee0348e7d258e4652a405421f35063"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2509.05382","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"71c75c2497b5a8d467bb822f86832a624d41cf668f9c1b16ded7cda21199bbf6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"71c75c2497b5a8d467bb822f86832a624d41cf668f9c1b16ded7cda21199bbf6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46.222046Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46.222046Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"g8ZXOfHLnp8e2lDsM7JmX2TFimG12INphPlra/nOK5GnSPcbKf6XD+4S4vZ/EcU7fnXtGzDVAbCkd3T4oiKKDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:05:46.222508Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2509.05382","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f4f6e16fcf67b0fb5510573294eb73c0c805a1929ec8a29dfdad430ef419e41a","sha256:b0ece13dfff85748d791fa70c3f8777d3c3c1c99ed94c252167e16b3d1a89506"],"state_sha256":"5880b3e4a20ba475263b8791ffd17dc341a7d47144000e6f351d59829991b341"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HYyyGH/gnVPyh5NTCRnND8bmTtpy6zD7GDvpB9Os8ErNeDjelKqu7KUMJPS5rX7cDKYxVnJuD5GwOKjCVv+CAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T18:09:33.517109Z","bundle_sha256":"43247ed89ab577b16e51bbefb2843bde20f1c51de901961aee0823d6fb1c220b"}}