{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5URQK262HNO","short_pith_number":"pith:OM2P5NTS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.11308","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-27T23:18:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"title_canon_sha256":"a72a5d288e0d78c59161623b91672c693bb8cd46224eda682d20b079d6f57912","abstract_canon_sha256":"4427fc785fbee54c072b99a06cc8d9d4460aa0c712ad2586af652769733b794a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7334feb67239a1d7931da460ad7b476bb115c6bd2f9683b2a87415d0d8373b53","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.11308","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.11308","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.11308v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.11308","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OM2P5NTSHGQ5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OM2P5NTS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5URQK262HNO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.11308","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-27T23:18:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"title_canon_sha256":"a72a5d288e0d78c59161623b91672c693bb8cd46224eda682d20b079d6f57912","abstract_canon_sha256":"4427fc785fbee54c072b99a06cc8d9d4460aa0c712ad2586af652769733b794a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7334feb67239a1d7931da460ad7b476bb115c6bd2f9683b2a87415d0d8373b53","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44.209863Z","signature_b64":"+ylfvvrhc+dDt1vWI+CQsMHniPL6hMfDsaLCYag/HNj5pLh3j37v6+FPoSBC+kUsBvVuXSYnFNHif5X+PoV5CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7334feb67239a1d7931da460ad7b476bb115c6bd2f9683b2a87415d0d8373b53","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44.209383Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44.209383Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1811.11308","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ruq45pUqVfjIxMYWJn7WlDOKTmOluJrF2RTI8hHPbsTbpqH8u4a2Zl6FUf6HavPx2zprf2Tx+OvCnkxGGEEeBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:44:17.142944Z"},"content_sha256":"e71477d0d873d0ee935f7dc3ecda528ee81e39840930f0791b307fed30957a5c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e71477d0d873d0ee935f7dc3ecda528ee81e39840930f0791b307fed30957a5c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5URQK262HNO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Developing a Bubble Chamber Particle Discriminator Using Semi-Supervised Learning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.ins-det"],"primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","authors_text":"A. E. Robinson, A. J. Noble, A. Leblanc, A. Ortega, A. Plante, A. Sonnenschein, B. Broerman, B. Loer, B. Matusch, C. Amole, C. B. Coutu, C. B. Krauss, C. Cowles, C. E. Dahl, C. Hardy, C. J. Chen, C. Licciardi, C. M. Jackson, C. Moore, D. Baxter, D. M. Asner, E. Behnke, E. V\\'azquez-J\\'auregui, E. Weima, E. W. Hoppe, F. Girard, F. Mamedov, F. Tardif, G. Cao, G. Crowder, G. Giroux, I. Felis, I. J. Arnquist, I. Lawson, I. Levine, I. \\v{S}tekl, J. Farine, J. Hall, J. I. Collar, J. Zhang, K. Clark, K. Wierman, L. Klopfenstein, M. Ardid, M. Bressler, M.-C. Piro, M. Crisler, M. Das, M. Jin, M. Laurin, N. A. Cruz-Venegas, N. Starinski, N. Walkowski, O. Harris, O. Scallon, P. Mitra, P. Oedekerk, P. S. Cooper, R. Filgas, R. Neilson, R. Podviyanuk, S. Fallows, S. Priya, S. Sahoo, S. Seth, T. Hillier, T. Nania, T. Sullivan, U. Chowdhury, U. Wichoski, V. Zacek, W. H. Lippincott, Y. Yan","submitted_at":"2018-11-27T23:18:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"The identification of non-signal events is a major hurdle to overcome for bubble chamber dark matter experiments such as PICO-60. The current practice of manually developing a discriminator function to eliminate background events is difficult when available calibration data is frequently impure and present only in small quantities. In this study, several different discriminator input/preprocessing formats and neural network architectures are applied to the task. First, they are optimized in a supervised learning context. Next, two novel semi-supervised learning algorithms are trained, and foun"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.11308","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mlq3URjfEjbTMfxsiP4FARF3QTPy5wIq+PuyCqA1w/mMKdzmRwPKMFhaS78aezscMEJcuRQYlbOdIfzJcdFQCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:44:17.143303Z"},"content_sha256":"b1bcf270bbef0c91b78058f9ba61fda2d15653306862f34de914e34d5131d1af","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b1bcf270bbef0c91b78058f9ba61fda2d15653306862f34de914e34d5131d1af"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5URQK262HNO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5URQK262HNO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5URQK262HNO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T08:44:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5URQK262HNO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5URQK262HNO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5URQK262HNO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5URQK262HNO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5URQK262HNO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4427fc785fbee54c072b99a06cc8d9d4460aa0c712ad2586af652769733b794a","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-27T23:18:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"a72a5d288e0d78c59161623b91672c693bb8cd46224eda682d20b079d6f57912"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.11308","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.11308","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.11308v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.11308","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OM2P5NTSHGQ5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OM2P5NTSHGQ5PEY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OM2P5NTS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b1bcf270bbef0c91b78058f9ba61fda2d15653306862f34de914e34d5131d1af","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The identification of non-signal events is a major hurdle to overcome for bubble chamber dark matter experiments such as PICO-60. The current practice of manually developing a discriminator function to eliminate background events is difficult when available calibration data is frequently impure and present only in small quantities. In this study, several different discriminator input/preprocessing formats and neural network architectures are applied to the task. First, they are optimized in a supervised learning context. Next, two novel semi-supervised learning algorithms are trained, and foun","authors_text":"A. E. Robinson, A. J. Noble, A. Leblanc, A. Ortega, A. Plante, A. Sonnenschein, B. Broerman, B. Loer, B. Matusch, C. Amole, C. B. Coutu, C. B. Krauss, C. Cowles, C. E. Dahl, C. Hardy, C. J. Chen, C. Licciardi, C. M. Jackson, C. Moore, D. Baxter, D. M. Asner, E. Behnke, E. V\\'azquez-J\\'auregui, E. Weima, E. W. Hoppe, F. Girard, F. Mamedov, F. Tardif, G. Cao, G. Crowder, G. Giroux, I. Felis, I. J. Arnquist, I. Lawson, I. Levine, I. \\v{S}tekl, J. Farine, J. Hall, J. I. Collar, J. Zhang, K. Clark, K. Wierman, L. Klopfenstein, M. Ardid, M. Bressler, M.-C. Piro, M. Crisler, M. Das, M. Jin, M. Laurin, N. A. Cruz-Venegas, N. Starinski, N. Walkowski, O. Harris, O. Scallon, P. Mitra, P. Oedekerk, P. S. Cooper, R. Filgas, R. Neilson, R. Podviyanuk, S. Fallows, S. Priya, S. Sahoo, S. Seth, T. Hillier, T. Nania, T. Sullivan, U. Chowdhury, U. Wichoski, V. Zacek, W. H. Lippincott, Y. Yan","cross_cats":["physics.ins-det"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-27T23:18:29Z","title":"Developing a Bubble Chamber Particle Discriminator Using Semi-Supervised Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.11308","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e71477d0d873d0ee935f7dc3ecda528ee81e39840930f0791b307fed30957a5c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4427fc785fbee54c072b99a06cc8d9d4460aa0c712ad2586af652769733b794a","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2018-11-27T23:18:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"a72a5d288e0d78c59161623b91672c693bb8cd46224eda682d20b079d6f57912"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.11308","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7334feb67239a1d7931da460ad7b476bb115c6bd2f9683b2a87415d0d8373b53","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7334feb67239a1d7931da460ad7b476bb115c6bd2f9683b2a87415d0d8373b53","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44.209383Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44.209383Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+ylfvvrhc+dDt1vWI+CQsMHniPL6hMfDsaLCYag/HNj5pLh3j37v6+FPoSBC+kUsBvVuXSYnFNHif5X+PoV5CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:59:44.209863Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.11308","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e71477d0d873d0ee935f7dc3ecda528ee81e39840930f0791b307fed30957a5c","sha256:b1bcf270bbef0c91b78058f9ba61fda2d15653306862f34de914e34d5131d1af"],"state_sha256":"6115c75bb83be9a70461c4021a139abd2ae0158f50318b7df8dcc2c6cc1bd207"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"O684O/7wcMGcr4NgEFogNsV6nZ+JLN7UpXvxH7OE0uyvYugw5Ay/2xyG47rRxoP3l+35guVNqSydBL6HTetFBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T08:44:17.145335Z","bundle_sha256":"3279da410802666da989236c9dd4dd43462e1a784cec800fd67c2d91a0e00ea0"}}