{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6D7QUHWJANE","short_pith_number":"pith:OMBUAGSC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.09490","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-19T01:43:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e572313730f815bd17104623f8916e915a04b88c530334bf5e5e06edd27fc9ee","abstract_canon_sha256":"7ad4cc5fbf2d8f435d06cbe05243651293636c516b1893c09f70c702525fe107"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7303401a42895ec0509e1fe143d92069378223bfda856a9ca7e73c33edc7406e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2202.09490","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.09490","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.09490v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.09490","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OMBUAGSCRFPM","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OMBUAGSC","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6D7QUHWJANE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.09490","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-19T01:43:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e572313730f815bd17104623f8916e915a04b88c530334bf5e5e06edd27fc9ee","abstract_canon_sha256":"7ad4cc5fbf2d8f435d06cbe05243651293636c516b1893c09f70c702525fe107"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7303401a42895ec0509e1fe143d92069378223bfda856a9ca7e73c33edc7406e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23.069224Z","signature_b64":"yNM3XfFGg780YSNtI8uDQhw+QOKNkanAFbbV9STmgvm1veuM/tXw8+YZ1sSopY88/oXrpbQzjSgLD7W5TZEbCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7303401a42895ec0509e1fe143d92069378223bfda856a9ca7e73c33edc7406e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23.068660Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23.068660Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2202.09490","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+vupZmO8DGTuO9ZKpRCWD5qiKi7Gv0JYxH2bGZ01SbYZNbJ9VoBx68EkLMEu5+tmhVXPH2Mog3X3xigVyjMjCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:14:01.916837Z"},"content_sha256":"0ada44484aa0a64ed2e17a2d49ecbea1f6dd4ae2a9d4d85b2b3554349548d07b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0ada44484aa0a64ed2e17a2d49ecbea1f6dd4ae2a9d4d85b2b3554349548d07b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6D7QUHWJANE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Gradient-Based Optimization of Optical Vortex Beam Emitters","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Alexander D. White, Daniel I. Shahar, Geun Ho Ahn, Jelena Vu\\v{c}kovi\\'c, Jinhie Skarda, Ki Youl Yang, Logan Su, Siddharth Ramachandran","submitted_at":"2022-02-19T01:43:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Vortex beams are stable solutions of Maxwell's equations that carry phase singularities and orbital angular momentum, unique properties that give rise to many applications in the basic sciences, optical communications, and quantum technologies. Scalable integration and fabrication of vortex beam emitters will allow these applications to flourish and enable new applications not possible with traditional optics. Here we present a general framework to generate integrated vortex beam emitters using photonic inverse design. We experimentally demonstrate generation of vortex beams with angular momen"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.09490","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2202.09490/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZC0DvXcrdXFHE4mGFLOsjxC2O3qKq40UerCXw5x+hK2flhH+cQgT+u8z+/b9I74lEHOkqAW4CJF0RyU2EXPPAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:14:01.917347Z"},"content_sha256":"71c26fca5a5aeb2d58c7b8a4f8fb0d05b951346fbe98017d7b6c7819ff5f5b13","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:71c26fca5a5aeb2d58c7b8a4f8fb0d05b951346fbe98017d7b6c7819ff5f5b13"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6D7QUHWJANE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6D7QUHWJANE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6D7QUHWJANE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T09:14:01Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6D7QUHWJANE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6D7QUHWJANE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6D7QUHWJANE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6D7QUHWJANE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6D7QUHWJANE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7ad4cc5fbf2d8f435d06cbe05243651293636c516b1893c09f70c702525fe107","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-19T01:43:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"e572313730f815bd17104623f8916e915a04b88c530334bf5e5e06edd27fc9ee"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.09490","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.09490","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.09490v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.09490","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OMBUAGSCRFPM","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OMBUAGSCRFPMAUE6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OMBUAGSC","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:71c26fca5a5aeb2d58c7b8a4f8fb0d05b951346fbe98017d7b6c7819ff5f5b13","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2202.09490/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Vortex beams are stable solutions of Maxwell's equations that carry phase singularities and orbital angular momentum, unique properties that give rise to many applications in the basic sciences, optical communications, and quantum technologies. Scalable integration and fabrication of vortex beam emitters will allow these applications to flourish and enable new applications not possible with traditional optics. Here we present a general framework to generate integrated vortex beam emitters using photonic inverse design. We experimentally demonstrate generation of vortex beams with angular momen","authors_text":"Alexander D. White, Daniel I. Shahar, Geun Ho Ahn, Jelena Vu\\v{c}kovi\\'c, Jinhie Skarda, Ki Youl Yang, Logan Su, Siddharth Ramachandran","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-19T01:43:39Z","title":"Gradient-Based Optimization of Optical Vortex Beam Emitters"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.09490","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0ada44484aa0a64ed2e17a2d49ecbea1f6dd4ae2a9d4d85b2b3554349548d07b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7ad4cc5fbf2d8f435d06cbe05243651293636c516b1893c09f70c702525fe107","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-19T01:43:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"e572313730f815bd17104623f8916e915a04b88c530334bf5e5e06edd27fc9ee"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.09490","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7303401a42895ec0509e1fe143d92069378223bfda856a9ca7e73c33edc7406e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7303401a42895ec0509e1fe143d92069378223bfda856a9ca7e73c33edc7406e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23.068660Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23.068660Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yNM3XfFGg780YSNtI8uDQhw+QOKNkanAFbbV9STmgvm1veuM/tXw8+YZ1sSopY88/oXrpbQzjSgLD7W5TZEbCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:23.069224Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2202.09490","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0ada44484aa0a64ed2e17a2d49ecbea1f6dd4ae2a9d4d85b2b3554349548d07b","sha256:71c26fca5a5aeb2d58c7b8a4f8fb0d05b951346fbe98017d7b6c7819ff5f5b13"],"state_sha256":"9aab18578750d92658f2b6747571e5dd810c081d6d166025ddc1d70c3a1f043b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BXFbVfob+9V5Zis46ahgYTobpuAG4JZsxhRa7pRfqY38R+IVOJNLXiBFaqdiOAe8lfRXn7usAI2QXCcBNwcMBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:14:01.925272Z","bundle_sha256":"34fe972429c76afc4ca6c99ae42aafc183807b7013434bcfe88ca86da2bece8a"}}