{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2021:OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX","short_pith_number":"pith:OMRJAAGO","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"73229000ce4f38a9a90a725ec797fb2dc2ffc0c4a07baadfd40a5127596caa99","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2105.07554","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"How Costly is Noise? Data and Disparities in Consumer Credit","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Laura Blattner, Scott Nelson","submitted_at":"2021-05-17T00:42:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show that lenders face more uncertainty when assessing default risk of historically under-served groups in US credit markets and that this information disparity is a quantitatively important driver of inefficient and unequal credit market outcomes. We first document that widely used credit scores are statistically noisier indicators of default risk for historically under-served groups. This noise emerges primarily through the explanatory power of the underlying credit report data (e.g., thin credit files), not through issues with model fit (e.g., the inability to include protected class in "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.07554","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2021-05-17T00:42:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"3a90b1a98d544501080788bfec6fa868135c4036409ffacb44e35cb591623ca7","abstract_canon_sha256":"f778c3aa44a66c53e2e022a8d9686e4f83f0446368b8f376af2d4633246b5e27"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:41.946765Z","signature_b64":"wXSRa3g2v3r3TPOm4YGFnPA3raq0Ibs/PCLcyupKju90q6l1bjCveVFUsHH8rAZm8DbRWInHtLbfpr68Ki2ODw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"73229000ce4f38a9a90a725ec797fb2dc2ffc0c4a07baadfd40a5127596caa99","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:41.946272Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:41.946272Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How Costly is Noise? Data and Disparities in Consumer Credit","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Laura Blattner, Scott Nelson","submitted_at":"2021-05-17T00:42:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show that lenders face more uncertainty when assessing default risk of historically under-served groups in US credit markets and that this information disparity is a quantitatively important driver of inefficient and unequal credit market outcomes. We first document that widely used credit scores are statistically noisier indicators of default risk for historically under-served groups. This noise emerges primarily through the explanatory power of the underlying credit report data (e.g., thin credit files), not through issues with model fit (e.g., the inability to include protected class in "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.07554","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2105.07554/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.07554","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:41.946339+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.07554v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:41.946339+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.07554","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:41.946339+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OMRJAAGOJ44K","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:41.946339+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:41.946339+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OMRJAAGO","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:41.946339+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX","json":"https://pith.science/pith/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/OMRJAAGO"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/OMRJAAGO","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2105.07554&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/OMRJAAGOJ44KTKIKOJPMPF73FX/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:41.946339+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:41.946339+00:00"}