{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:ONDHJY33JN2KT7NPU5KHKUNP3X","short_pith_number":"pith:ONDHJY33","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/0610323","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2006-10-24T21:09:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"title_canon_sha256":"59618c9a7667178f22a040c6242f34fb4e98a06628a7bc790a704be3dcc842d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"d3c6b38fa936dc344ef631cfaa92d405b5360efc3940416b8c30a2683f471c28"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"734674e37b4b74a9fdafa7547551afddf50f921e15452acb11a90f34d348a92b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"hep-ph/0610323","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/0610323","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/0610323v3","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0610323","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ONDHJY33JN2K","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ONDHJY33JN2KT7NP","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ONDHJY33","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:ONDHJY33JN2KT7NPU5KHKUNP3X","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"hep-ph/0610323","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2006-10-24T21:09:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"title_canon_sha256":"59618c9a7667178f22a040c6242f34fb4e98a06628a7bc790a704be3dcc842d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"d3c6b38fa936dc344ef631cfaa92d405b5360efc3940416b8c30a2683f471c28"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"734674e37b4b74a9fdafa7547551afddf50f921e15452acb11a90f34d348a92b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35.736678Z","signature_b64":"EtNLc1hw2Po/+Lngp6eS6lE2KY98PPbh+D9IphAW88jcHe73M68odDF2Yp14A2pqm4L3Yg+cwA9mzS7wdiukDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"734674e37b4b74a9fdafa7547551afddf50f921e15452acb11a90f34d348a92b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35.736269Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35.736269Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"hep-ph/0610323","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KZRnZJFGXd6Xvv+l2ghf1Jjjr3JPhUCxV8tZz1QVYVPkEYi4n7quDzXjd0HWK51WsPENSf9pOoxSK45hVGV0AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T08:02:48.859519Z"},"content_sha256":"e9e4ead8fa1612cfc545595f19210fa7e6e0eb8d2c488bac4f350e789274ab18","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e9e4ead8fa1612cfc545595f19210fa7e6e0eb8d2c488bac4f350e789274ab18"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:ONDHJY33JN2KT7NPU5KHKUNP3X","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Model study of the sign problem in the mean-field approximation","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-lat"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Kenji Fukushima, Yoshimasa Hidaka","submitted_at":"2006-10-24T21:09:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"We argue the sign problem of the fermion determinant at finite density. It is unavoidable not only in Monte-Carlo simulations on the lattice but in the mean-field approximation as well. A simple model deriving from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in the double limit of large quark mass and large quark chemical potential exemplifies how the sign problem arises in the Polyakov loop dynamics at finite temperature and density. In the color SU(2) case our mean-field estimate is in excellent agreement with the lattice simulation. We combine the mean-field approximation with a simple phase reweighting t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/0610323","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/hep-ph/0610323/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hA0HmU8kTB07XwWIRFwa4Hoqgck7RlqVT6HVSzEnXQtb4RPQf/hHDrEevRk9Qb97gtxASm+574jCX0rW1j7YAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T08:02:48.860094Z"},"content_sha256":"ba488d5faa524bd284e8b10bb4978851092aea6cdea043b44694e5a502cfc3fc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ba488d5faa524bd284e8b10bb4978851092aea6cdea043b44694e5a502cfc3fc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ONDHJY33JN2KT7NPU5KHKUNP3X/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ONDHJY33JN2KT7NPU5KHKUNP3X/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ONDHJY33JN2KT7NPU5KHKUNP3X/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T08:02:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ONDHJY33JN2KT7NPU5KHKUNP3X","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ONDHJY33JN2KT7NPU5KHKUNP3X/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ONDHJY33JN2KT7NPU5KHKUNP3X/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ONDHJY33JN2KT7NPU5KHKUNP3X/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:ONDHJY33JN2KT7NPU5KHKUNP3X","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d3c6b38fa936dc344ef631cfaa92d405b5360efc3940416b8c30a2683f471c28","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2006-10-24T21:09:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"59618c9a7667178f22a040c6242f34fb4e98a06628a7bc790a704be3dcc842d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/0610323","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"hep-ph/0610323","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"hep-ph/0610323v3","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0610323","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ONDHJY33JN2K","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ONDHJY33JN2KT7NP","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ONDHJY33","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ba488d5faa524bd284e8b10bb4978851092aea6cdea043b44694e5a502cfc3fc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/hep-ph/0610323/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We argue the sign problem of the fermion determinant at finite density. It is unavoidable not only in Monte-Carlo simulations on the lattice but in the mean-field approximation as well. A simple model deriving from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in the double limit of large quark mass and large quark chemical potential exemplifies how the sign problem arises in the Polyakov loop dynamics at finite temperature and density. In the color SU(2) case our mean-field estimate is in excellent agreement with the lattice simulation. We combine the mean-field approximation with a simple phase reweighting t","authors_text":"Kenji Fukushima, Yoshimasa Hidaka","cross_cats":["hep-lat"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2006-10-24T21:09:01Z","title":"Model study of the sign problem in the mean-field approximation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/0610323","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e9e4ead8fa1612cfc545595f19210fa7e6e0eb8d2c488bac4f350e789274ab18","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d3c6b38fa936dc344ef631cfaa92d405b5360efc3940416b8c30a2683f471c28","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat"],"license":"","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2006-10-24T21:09:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"59618c9a7667178f22a040c6242f34fb4e98a06628a7bc790a704be3dcc842d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"hep-ph/0610323","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"734674e37b4b74a9fdafa7547551afddf50f921e15452acb11a90f34d348a92b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"734674e37b4b74a9fdafa7547551afddf50f921e15452acb11a90f34d348a92b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35.736269Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35.736269Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EtNLc1hw2Po/+Lngp6eS6lE2KY98PPbh+D9IphAW88jcHe73M68odDF2Yp14A2pqm4L3Yg+cwA9mzS7wdiukDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:35.736678Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"hep-ph/0610323","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e9e4ead8fa1612cfc545595f19210fa7e6e0eb8d2c488bac4f350e789274ab18","sha256:ba488d5faa524bd284e8b10bb4978851092aea6cdea043b44694e5a502cfc3fc"],"state_sha256":"7b490150bd7e6f2fa6c416c205381767c420b963ab99742f04e0d1ec67c89947"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Zcnskscm8W7aYhwUegRkH0S5ySrGCUJb1tRGRjs9M1FeL6drv2dxGqdG9BM01br6D91xnwM3EKDgQoI5Hq+2CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T08:02:48.865262Z","bundle_sha256":"1f3c25affab0cae710df0db84a81fe1f37e381078da2c2db5fc499d146d11929"}}