{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQGRB4DKESTCK","short_pith_number":"pith:ONEQ5ORF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.04435","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2018-06-12T11:06:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3f44c5edc8403b999e7b5a0cd68e242c4ba73cc8d8d9f5f6e665d361cbccc9c4","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf01de1534276d525130601f7f87022f8f79eff38d060ad9af8fc3f0edd6e8ea"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"73490eba2544c77ae606887835125312b72945a3ef9c5d71bde66e95bbc36b4d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1806.04435","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.04435","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.04435v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.04435","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ONEQ5ORFITDX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ONEQ5ORF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQGRB4DKESTCK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.04435","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2018-06-12T11:06:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3f44c5edc8403b999e7b5a0cd68e242c4ba73cc8d8d9f5f6e665d361cbccc9c4","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf01de1534276d525130601f7f87022f8f79eff38d060ad9af8fc3f0edd6e8ea"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"73490eba2544c77ae606887835125312b72945a3ef9c5d71bde66e95bbc36b4d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03.822025Z","signature_b64":"bDEDrRiuypCoemMKs4bMC33IMGvTDLdcBenooc2ESyum2DnXLRwnu53SwlMw0HydpnC+nIB26OqjYvPleoiICA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"73490eba2544c77ae606887835125312b72945a3ef9c5d71bde66e95bbc36b4d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03.821365Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03.821365Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1806.04435","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZGwFteaqQmFhIDXQfk0xZk0X+fNePx6dY1hB75gcHR/SBpOaf7DbJIPmFDqKFoJaA781V/XXnIA93Ouq6mF6CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T07:27:32.391054Z"},"content_sha256":"af46b0295c99348384bd2d0d40b8036933f0d0d459286dd427a7515e0c078f9b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:af46b0295c99348384bd2d0d40b8036933f0d0d459286dd427a7515e0c078f9b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQGRB4DKESTCK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Google Scholar as a data source for research assessment","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DL","authors_text":"Alberto Mart\\'in-Mart\\'in, Emilio Delgado L\\'opez-C\\'ozar, Enrique Orduna-Malea","submitted_at":"2018-06-12T11:06:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"The launch of Google Scholar (GS) marked the beginning of a revolution in the scientific information market. This search engine, unlike traditional databases, automatically indexes information from the academic web. Its ease of use, together with its wide coverage and fast indexing speed, have made it the first tool most scientists currently turn to when they need to carry out a literature search. Additionally, the fact that its search results were accompanied from the beginning by citation counts, as well as the later development of secondary products which leverage this citation data (such a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.04435","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cD6iSuzY0Zf5gUgVcXZusbMQT+0goikpF36WAwSOyCjbAceEQ0HRo+U7WsIp5JSa2hHkmlTmXXJdUJKgaT1zBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T07:27:32.391434Z"},"content_sha256":"4746b019a22f6430192a58547fac9ba039b074520a00182cd83f0b54833f7fed","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4746b019a22f6430192a58547fac9ba039b074520a00182cd83f0b54833f7fed"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQGRB4DKESTCK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQGRB4DKESTCK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQGRB4DKESTCK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T07:27:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQGRB4DKESTCK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQGRB4DKESTCK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQGRB4DKESTCK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQGRB4DKESTCK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQGRB4DKESTCK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf01de1534276d525130601f7f87022f8f79eff38d060ad9af8fc3f0edd6e8ea","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2018-06-12T11:06:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3f44c5edc8403b999e7b5a0cd68e242c4ba73cc8d8d9f5f6e665d361cbccc9c4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.04435","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.04435","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.04435v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.04435","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ONEQ5ORFITDX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ONEQ5ORFITDXVZQG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ONEQ5ORF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4746b019a22f6430192a58547fac9ba039b074520a00182cd83f0b54833f7fed","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The launch of Google Scholar (GS) marked the beginning of a revolution in the scientific information market. This search engine, unlike traditional databases, automatically indexes information from the academic web. Its ease of use, together with its wide coverage and fast indexing speed, have made it the first tool most scientists currently turn to when they need to carry out a literature search. Additionally, the fact that its search results were accompanied from the beginning by citation counts, as well as the later development of secondary products which leverage this citation data (such a","authors_text":"Alberto Mart\\'in-Mart\\'in, Emilio Delgado L\\'opez-C\\'ozar, Enrique Orduna-Malea","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2018-06-12T11:06:36Z","title":"Google Scholar as a data source for research assessment"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.04435","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:af46b0295c99348384bd2d0d40b8036933f0d0d459286dd427a7515e0c078f9b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf01de1534276d525130601f7f87022f8f79eff38d060ad9af8fc3f0edd6e8ea","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2018-06-12T11:06:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"3f44c5edc8403b999e7b5a0cd68e242c4ba73cc8d8d9f5f6e665d361cbccc9c4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.04435","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"73490eba2544c77ae606887835125312b72945a3ef9c5d71bde66e95bbc36b4d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"73490eba2544c77ae606887835125312b72945a3ef9c5d71bde66e95bbc36b4d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03.821365Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03.821365Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bDEDrRiuypCoemMKs4bMC33IMGvTDLdcBenooc2ESyum2DnXLRwnu53SwlMw0HydpnC+nIB26OqjYvPleoiICA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:13:03.822025Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1806.04435","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:af46b0295c99348384bd2d0d40b8036933f0d0d459286dd427a7515e0c078f9b","sha256:4746b019a22f6430192a58547fac9ba039b074520a00182cd83f0b54833f7fed"],"state_sha256":"2d8c4abb7212f47f83ba0d29b2ef1fc175f7823e7e0031042aa3f1d4f693fc0e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2U2ThQx1jwgZEN/hL+oUnEtoIZ1C+RKa0XRhwWQreiTzwd7HepaNkGnGt+L9GnvebXymDJ+9j97ABJ/+EZhpCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T07:27:32.393494Z","bundle_sha256":"b14af321c1b34dffc8b30b7ff6929083ab69c0f8f20619d6ee325458c8ea416e"}}