{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:ONV4RFSN55OIK4APU7D6QEFTOI","short_pith_number":"pith:ONV4RFSN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.08241","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T18:44:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.quant-gas","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"69017b40397101067a6e4848f011df235605332ad6347b0c1295ddd6c65094cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"f8c810fe6596fff18c48827e86a8a9b3b3263875ba409b769820f034290b4642"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"736bc8964def5c85700fa7c7e810b3722a9926c7c7c48107a53bea9bf4c7b43e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1907.08241","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.08241","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.08241v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.08241","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ONV4RFSN55OI","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ONV4RFSN55OIK4AP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ONV4RFSN","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:ONV4RFSN55OIK4APU7D6QEFTOI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.08241","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T18:44:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.quant-gas","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"69017b40397101067a6e4848f011df235605332ad6347b0c1295ddd6c65094cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"f8c810fe6596fff18c48827e86a8a9b3b3263875ba409b769820f034290b4642"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"736bc8964def5c85700fa7c7e810b3722a9926c7c7c48107a53bea9bf4c7b43e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29.490959Z","signature_b64":"mO3S58lS1xSHX+Zd5LUgfy8X01ScWmuPaG9i6IUWNGjga5aZeCIzgZLaGwr6hUodFtTLmTpxm0oUT6X7+XKxCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"736bc8964def5c85700fa7c7e810b3722a9926c7c7c48107a53bea9bf4c7b43e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29.490481Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29.490481Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1907.08241","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2Tuuha9PEd9ISeFIzyxqhpchKZhdpY+8XZxGEg4gp7fu9BNwtElW/pJ21uriSGIU19ev2rnBPbgN63R5tod0Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T15:32:25.955969Z"},"content_sha256":"4d24a9be070fa9df3694c76d2aea763e931abc95e1dbf9cff91f7d7ff7f6f50e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4d24a9be070fa9df3694c76d2aea763e931abc95e1dbf9cff91f7d7ff7f6f50e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:ONV4RFSN55OIK4APU7D6QEFTOI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Spontaneous symmetry breaking and Nambu-Goldstone modes in open classical and quantum systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.quant-gas","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Yoshimasa Hidaka, Yuki Minami","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T18:44:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"We discuss spontaneous symmetry breaking of open classical and quantum systems. When a continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken in an open system, a gapless excitation mode appears corresponding to the Nambu-Goldstone mode. Unlike isolated systems, the gapless mode is not always a propagation mode, but it is a diffusion one. Using the Ward-Takahashi identity and the effective action formalism, we establish the Nambu-Goldstone theorem in open systems, and derive the low-energy coefficients that determine the dispersion relation of Nambu-Goldstone modes. Using these coefficients, we classify "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.08241","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1907.08241/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yTHrj/PQGustmGHa07Y+pj3XGQiRwmvvz0aG8nLxFcGcGvZ80Gv8G+gi0WY+V2Wqow9CTK94KHQus4S5w+4GCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T15:32:25.956467Z"},"content_sha256":"aa4175555ce58adfce6abcc9a4cfdc1bb5ad0585b89f1b5690b7169b39534d1e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:aa4175555ce58adfce6abcc9a4cfdc1bb5ad0585b89f1b5690b7169b39534d1e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ONV4RFSN55OIK4APU7D6QEFTOI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ONV4RFSN55OIK4APU7D6QEFTOI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ONV4RFSN55OIK4APU7D6QEFTOI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T15:32:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ONV4RFSN55OIK4APU7D6QEFTOI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ONV4RFSN55OIK4APU7D6QEFTOI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ONV4RFSN55OIK4APU7D6QEFTOI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ONV4RFSN55OIK4APU7D6QEFTOI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:ONV4RFSN55OIK4APU7D6QEFTOI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f8c810fe6596fff18c48827e86a8a9b3b3263875ba409b769820f034290b4642","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.quant-gas","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T18:44:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"69017b40397101067a6e4848f011df235605332ad6347b0c1295ddd6c65094cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.08241","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.08241","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.08241v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.08241","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ONV4RFSN55OI","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ONV4RFSN55OIK4AP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ONV4RFSN","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:aa4175555ce58adfce6abcc9a4cfdc1bb5ad0585b89f1b5690b7169b39534d1e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1907.08241/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We discuss spontaneous symmetry breaking of open classical and quantum systems. When a continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken in an open system, a gapless excitation mode appears corresponding to the Nambu-Goldstone mode. Unlike isolated systems, the gapless mode is not always a propagation mode, but it is a diffusion one. Using the Ward-Takahashi identity and the effective action formalism, we establish the Nambu-Goldstone theorem in open systems, and derive the low-energy coefficients that determine the dispersion relation of Nambu-Goldstone modes. Using these coefficients, we classify ","authors_text":"Yoshimasa Hidaka, Yuki Minami","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.quant-gas","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T18:44:03Z","title":"Spontaneous symmetry breaking and Nambu-Goldstone modes in open classical and quantum systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.08241","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4d24a9be070fa9df3694c76d2aea763e931abc95e1dbf9cff91f7d7ff7f6f50e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f8c810fe6596fff18c48827e86a8a9b3b3263875ba409b769820f034290b4642","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.quant-gas","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2019-07-18T18:44:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"69017b40397101067a6e4848f011df235605332ad6347b0c1295ddd6c65094cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.08241","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"736bc8964def5c85700fa7c7e810b3722a9926c7c7c48107a53bea9bf4c7b43e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"736bc8964def5c85700fa7c7e810b3722a9926c7c7c48107a53bea9bf4c7b43e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29.490481Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29.490481Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mO3S58lS1xSHX+Zd5LUgfy8X01ScWmuPaG9i6IUWNGjga5aZeCIzgZLaGwr6hUodFtTLmTpxm0oUT6X7+XKxCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:51:29.490959Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1907.08241","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4d24a9be070fa9df3694c76d2aea763e931abc95e1dbf9cff91f7d7ff7f6f50e","sha256:aa4175555ce58adfce6abcc9a4cfdc1bb5ad0585b89f1b5690b7169b39534d1e"],"state_sha256":"c04f3f78498d07eeb98cf6fa581cdb2a662fb7f429650b0ffd64b244bd8e60d3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hO7Mf0TwNoIKv3i1uUoCa7IEhLFQLqfpPdxfR1CYRuk63W2RUt+KzjED+6kLQA8NNBRAij1aUXojeTAnj9AFBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T15:32:25.960243Z","bundle_sha256":"421d3240910451a126b929979b1e858a70b31dc39f0f98c62a821fe74fb8b9ae"}}