{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2019:ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ","short_pith_number":"pith:ONWK2ED4","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"736cad107ca67fc33228c1b96fdf700e441295e999ac12616422d8522f04e22a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1904.00506","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Trapped surfaces, energy conditions, and horizon avoidance in spherically-symmetric collapse","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Daniel R. Terno, Robert B. Mann, Valentina Baccetti","submitted_at":"2019-03-31T23:13:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider spherically-symmetric black holes in semiclassical gravity. For a collapsing radiating thin shell we derive a sufficient condition on the exterior geometry that ensures that a black hole is not formed. This is also a sufficient condition for an infalling test particle to avoid the apparent horizon of an existing black hole and approach it only within a certain minimal distance. Taking the presence of a trapped region and its outer boundary --- the apparent horizon--- as the defining feature of black holes, we explore the consequences of their finite time of formation according to a"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.00506","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-03-31T23:13:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d69827a577a17322050a3d6b0019529a2bf16f9081c223b62ea67a8c1d0824f7","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e3fc2a6cc38d29c522428cc976a8259bbfca8eec4c6912afd6b08e1f9867910"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:28.860202Z","signature_b64":"/Zg7PeUyivBbjtFvdU/gQCy8dEgoI1+OBERLug8qpIt3ehX+xKOHv5hXgAWCQPhcyyizqnQgyjkHdBroJd6HDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"736cad107ca67fc33228c1b96fdf700e441295e999ac12616422d8522f04e22a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:28.859729Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:28.859729Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Trapped surfaces, energy conditions, and horizon avoidance in spherically-symmetric collapse","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Daniel R. Terno, Robert B. Mann, Valentina Baccetti","submitted_at":"2019-03-31T23:13:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider spherically-symmetric black holes in semiclassical gravity. For a collapsing radiating thin shell we derive a sufficient condition on the exterior geometry that ensures that a black hole is not formed. This is also a sufficient condition for an infalling test particle to avoid the apparent horizon of an existing black hole and approach it only within a certain minimal distance. Taking the presence of a trapped region and its outer boundary --- the apparent horizon--- as the defining feature of black holes, we explore the consequences of their finite time of formation according to a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.00506","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.00506","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:28.859801+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.00506v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:28.859801+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.00506","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:28.859801+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ONWK2ED4UZ74","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24.271573+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24.271573+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ONWK2ED4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24.271573+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ","json":"https://pith.science/pith/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/ONWK2ED4"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/ONWK2ED4","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1904.00506&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/ONWK2ED4UZ74GMRIYG4W7X3QBZ/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:28.859801+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:44:28.859801+00:00"}