{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKDSMHDWYFH2M","short_pith_number":"pith:ONXNFEWJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906001","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-06-01T01:57:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9c921b119b5823d8a5646c72a7482353c4a4d99edf5bcbf907605416d9de370f","abstract_canon_sha256":"2d8a26ad4be0483321e654cb25765364331785498737b36cb409dfb6d4e68049"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"736ed292c96c50ff9143930e3b60a7d31f211fa3fa49098f57e0d2f4359a3106","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9906001","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9906001","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9906001v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9906001","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ONXNFEWJNRIP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ONXNFEWJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKDSMHDWYFH2M","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906001","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-06-01T01:57:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9c921b119b5823d8a5646c72a7482353c4a4d99edf5bcbf907605416d9de370f","abstract_canon_sha256":"2d8a26ad4be0483321e654cb25765364331785498737b36cb409dfb6d4e68049"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"736ed292c96c50ff9143930e3b60a7d31f211fa3fa49098f57e0d2f4359a3106","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.399582Z","signature_b64":"dnLnlTX6cMXMKIBXE9JsNiCfSrPYdFAWBHMRMffZ9Brln/91RAVE860tmdENR3VnNHBxXNsWZ3zdGbgvXd5wCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"736ed292c96c50ff9143930e3b60a7d31f211fa3fa49098f57e0d2f4359a3106","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.398902Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.398902Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9906001","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VV9hlY4TW+rbPFQeE+BkK3xTzcOx6v+SUZ+iEIsqqbYAnaDOpbTn4CHX+w2j2gtUcVhUk+9dA3AyE7mSme8vDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T08:06:49.021696Z"},"content_sha256":"d87dd21ccb945e758698d78930f0aa39762c796aba52f42f4fb6dc59c2911af8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d87dd21ccb945e758698d78930f0aa39762c796aba52f42f4fb6dc59c2911af8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKDSMHDWYFH2M","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Morphological and photometric evolution of ultra-luminous infrared galaxies: Nature of faint SCUBA sources","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Ichi Tanaka, Kenji Bekki, Yasuhiro Shioya","submitted_at":"1999-06-01T01:57:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate when and how a dusty starburst galaxy merger can be heavily obscured by dust and consequently becomes an ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG), based on numerical simulations of chemodynamical and photometric evolution of dusty gas-rich major galaxy mergers.\n We found that a major galaxy merger is more likely to become an ULIRG preferentially in the merger late phase, when the two disks become very close and the very high-density dusty gas can obscure heavily the central secondary massive starburst.\n We furthermore show how the optical and near-infrared morphology of a simulate"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906001","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5zMceRosBhexam0VwWNeofRhis7AvVgl00uDuczj8QJJuUPK4mUHHTWvuMtW8bT769OzUKNwNYAObuBMxQf6AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T08:06:49.022234Z"},"content_sha256":"638027185d801a92b78d2ca2d8d2fe1ff2e79f40e451014e11c648cf9c9fbd2a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:638027185d801a92b78d2ca2d8d2fe1ff2e79f40e451014e11c648cf9c9fbd2a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKDSMHDWYFH2M/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKDSMHDWYFH2M/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKDSMHDWYFH2M/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T08:06:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKDSMHDWYFH2M","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKDSMHDWYFH2M/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKDSMHDWYFH2M/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKDSMHDWYFH2M/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKDSMHDWYFH2M","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2d8a26ad4be0483321e654cb25765364331785498737b36cb409dfb6d4e68049","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-06-01T01:57:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"9c921b119b5823d8a5646c72a7482353c4a4d99edf5bcbf907605416d9de370f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906001","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9906001","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9906001v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9906001","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ONXNFEWJNRIP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ONXNFEWJNRIP7EKD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ONXNFEWJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:638027185d801a92b78d2ca2d8d2fe1ff2e79f40e451014e11c648cf9c9fbd2a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate when and how a dusty starburst galaxy merger can be heavily obscured by dust and consequently becomes an ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG), based on numerical simulations of chemodynamical and photometric evolution of dusty gas-rich major galaxy mergers.\n We found that a major galaxy merger is more likely to become an ULIRG preferentially in the merger late phase, when the two disks become very close and the very high-density dusty gas can obscure heavily the central secondary massive starburst.\n We furthermore show how the optical and near-infrared morphology of a simulate","authors_text":"Ichi Tanaka, Kenji Bekki, Yasuhiro Shioya","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-06-01T01:57:55Z","title":"Morphological and photometric evolution of ultra-luminous infrared galaxies: Nature of faint SCUBA sources"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906001","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d87dd21ccb945e758698d78930f0aa39762c796aba52f42f4fb6dc59c2911af8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2d8a26ad4be0483321e654cb25765364331785498737b36cb409dfb6d4e68049","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-06-01T01:57:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"9c921b119b5823d8a5646c72a7482353c4a4d99edf5bcbf907605416d9de370f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906001","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"736ed292c96c50ff9143930e3b60a7d31f211fa3fa49098f57e0d2f4359a3106","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"736ed292c96c50ff9143930e3b60a7d31f211fa3fa49098f57e0d2f4359a3106","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.398902Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.398902Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dnLnlTX6cMXMKIBXE9JsNiCfSrPYdFAWBHMRMffZ9Brln/91RAVE860tmdENR3VnNHBxXNsWZ3zdGbgvXd5wCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:36.399582Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9906001","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d87dd21ccb945e758698d78930f0aa39762c796aba52f42f4fb6dc59c2911af8","sha256:638027185d801a92b78d2ca2d8d2fe1ff2e79f40e451014e11c648cf9c9fbd2a"],"state_sha256":"a5930c380e8f109761c7c0bd6b0f7fa1f91f73a0ba23a88fb6b7912836f5b742"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gUiD4+7eTXRmiwnWbftELZUw6pQtNt30LbPCsZQd6c2s00VNQH4Jq7DgQCCcOfM5mTTKZL2UsHaBp4N8qD+yBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T08:06:49.025051Z","bundle_sha256":"c7b9729195bc902567d6a866fb4ed0eaffb200fafc58291d5c037b7ed64c8427"}}