{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZBMX76Z47Q2N","short_pith_number":"pith:OOO3IQJD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-04-30T11:39:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"0d667be078d38afde78bc84c5115cce972430938916421f81e434a250b79a286","abstract_canon_sha256":"899508509067ead979f1052436d70e89a83870114e462471d04b21c50870a09f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"739db441239c7960772165ffecf3f0d346d71a900b41cc8b0afc7323a573574c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2105.00002","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.00002","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.00002v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.00002","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OOO3IQJDTR4W","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZB","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OOO3IQJD","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZBMX76Z47Q2N","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-04-30T11:39:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"0d667be078d38afde78bc84c5115cce972430938916421f81e434a250b79a286","abstract_canon_sha256":"899508509067ead979f1052436d70e89a83870114e462471d04b21c50870a09f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"739db441239c7960772165ffecf3f0d346d71a900b41cc8b0afc7323a573574c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32.912995Z","signature_b64":"qxVR9hvPL11evPKjD1oV/kbsA9tITT7ivoF3IBkYJg4uNr6uFKptQBRF/WwrFTWBnXrkaxO6RmEwJ9nHf68cDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"739db441239c7960772165ffecf3f0d346d71a900b41cc8b0afc7323a573574c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32.912561Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32.912561Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2105.00002","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tQjpR+6wsAz3vvUFCpzznEciyLC5WAHxNhC+BVL+4/V7pk0g6r/sELxIaAr3MBQo6ypiKd/QdsaYwVB9FUu8CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T03:45:20.182203Z"},"content_sha256":"d40af9dd20638050c4c03a08b4eafca24ccb1033470495c9dd7519b0e8962c39","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d40af9dd20638050c4c03a08b4eafca24ccb1033470495c9dd7519b0e8962c39"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZBMX76Z47Q2N","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ethics-Based Auditing to Develop Trustworthy AI","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Jakob Mokander, Luciano Floridi","submitted_at":"2021-04-30T11:39:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"A series of recent developments points towards auditing as a promising mechanism to bridge the gap between principles and practice in AI ethics. Building on ongoing discussions concerning ethics-based auditing, we offer three contributions. First, we argue that ethics-based auditing can improve the quality of decision making, increase user satisfaction, unlock growth potential, enable law-making, and relieve human suffering. Second, we highlight current best practices to support the design and implementation of ethics-based auditing: To be feasible and effective, ethics-based auditing should t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2105.00002/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aBlgaEMat/CyrPjMJOQpq0EGrjI7kgKebA9Eo/aW+D9K9ZQ8pG0wS9hlTkD/2pK7PlzzlxyHOGt+zqTQbLFtAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T03:45:20.183371Z"},"content_sha256":"2d4dc684392d8562927f1fcda6ee81bee5c1ef59899c2d6e618b2600b07793f8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2d4dc684392d8562927f1fcda6ee81bee5c1ef59899c2d6e618b2600b07793f8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZBMX76Z47Q2N/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZBMX76Z47Q2N/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZBMX76Z47Q2N/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T03:45:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZBMX76Z47Q2N","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZBMX76Z47Q2N/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZBMX76Z47Q2N/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZBMX76Z47Q2N/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZBMX76Z47Q2N","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"899508509067ead979f1052436d70e89a83870114e462471d04b21c50870a09f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-04-30T11:39:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"0d667be078d38afde78bc84c5115cce972430938916421f81e434a250b79a286"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.00002","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.00002v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.00002","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OOO3IQJDTR4W","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OOO3IQJDTR4WA5ZB","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OOO3IQJD","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2d4dc684392d8562927f1fcda6ee81bee5c1ef59899c2d6e618b2600b07793f8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2105.00002/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A series of recent developments points towards auditing as a promising mechanism to bridge the gap between principles and practice in AI ethics. Building on ongoing discussions concerning ethics-based auditing, we offer three contributions. First, we argue that ethics-based auditing can improve the quality of decision making, increase user satisfaction, unlock growth potential, enable law-making, and relieve human suffering. Second, we highlight current best practices to support the design and implementation of ethics-based auditing: To be feasible and effective, ethics-based auditing should t","authors_text":"Jakob Mokander, Luciano Floridi","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-04-30T11:39:40Z","title":"Ethics-Based Auditing to Develop Trustworthy AI"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d40af9dd20638050c4c03a08b4eafca24ccb1033470495c9dd7519b0e8962c39","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"899508509067ead979f1052436d70e89a83870114e462471d04b21c50870a09f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2021-04-30T11:39:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"0d667be078d38afde78bc84c5115cce972430938916421f81e434a250b79a286"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.00002","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"739db441239c7960772165ffecf3f0d346d71a900b41cc8b0afc7323a573574c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"739db441239c7960772165ffecf3f0d346d71a900b41cc8b0afc7323a573574c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32.912561Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32.912561Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"qxVR9hvPL11evPKjD1oV/kbsA9tITT7ivoF3IBkYJg4uNr6uFKptQBRF/WwrFTWBnXrkaxO6RmEwJ9nHf68cDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:36:32.912995Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2105.00002","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d40af9dd20638050c4c03a08b4eafca24ccb1033470495c9dd7519b0e8962c39","sha256:2d4dc684392d8562927f1fcda6ee81bee5c1ef59899c2d6e618b2600b07793f8"],"state_sha256":"5e166058ef4371808a91cbf72789a387e1b5bb2921cec6995a6fec34991c06ad"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cYJM838gLXafen17dvAH/QGBPUS1l0PqbXBi7UpFgWcSdKXWtFj1brkC3hZeWJysU07F8mdwFcwGx2nVrPg8Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T03:45:20.188145Z","bundle_sha256":"286aac0c86170f661f16eb018584bc9646d177ff446add3d44c9584b28c35307"}}