{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:OQO42EWKLKWHWXJWIILGCGASAG","short_pith_number":"pith:OQO42EWK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.09516","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-06-19T02:20:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"430a3eac8b74eaf23a7774002a2deaa8530206968f7e8a58cb0f5ad2fef374f2","abstract_canon_sha256":"1110d4d3f39936946c2d7156536b14cb92ab55d9465def954390bc49ddd86489"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"741dcd12ca5aac7b5d36421661181201adfb489b2e8f143a8c5c80ede81f885b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2407.09516","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.09516","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.09516v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.09516","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OQO42EWKLKWH","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OQO42EWKLKWHWXJW","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OQO42EWK","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:OQO42EWKLKWHWXJWIILGCGASAG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2407.09516","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-06-19T02:20:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"430a3eac8b74eaf23a7774002a2deaa8530206968f7e8a58cb0f5ad2fef374f2","abstract_canon_sha256":"1110d4d3f39936946c2d7156536b14cb92ab55d9465def954390bc49ddd86489"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"741dcd12ca5aac7b5d36421661181201adfb489b2e8f143a8c5c80ede81f885b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31.413098Z","signature_b64":"/UBGcXIzZoSXsCIskCqJzuxqJ4kyJH+eEzucFNj3PotXwl3VKmvPHKJmlM9UqLgmWwYAcCrS2T4Gj+PW9O/9Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"741dcd12ca5aac7b5d36421661181201adfb489b2e8f143a8c5c80ede81f885b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31.412690Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31.412690Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2407.09516","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7Hrsz5IXOIys2ott9dcdVFSLn0+6/2z9klUWv5weEKN6rv/gxTtpRV1/9lKdr6tg+1Nfb74LUzbN8jXMarueDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T11:50:34.375360Z"},"content_sha256":"e644622affac58cb5539b85ccb861af05c58e98abe6f5b6732889421af1d1327","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e644622affac58cb5539b85ccb861af05c58e98abe6f5b6732889421af1d1327"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:OQO42EWKLKWHWXJWIILGCGASAG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Actionability Assessment Tool for Explainable AI","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Eduardo Velloso, Frank Vetere, Liz Sonenberg, Paul Dourish, Piers Howe, Ronal Singh, Tim Miller","submitted_at":"2024-06-19T02:20:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a tool for researchers and practitioners to assess the actionability of information provided to users to support algorithmic recourse. While there are clear benefits of recourse from the user's perspective, the notion of actionability in explainable AI research remains vague, and claims of `actionable' explainability techniques are based on the researchers' intuition. Inspired by definitions and instruments for assessing actionability in other domains, we construct a seven-question tool and evaluate its effectiveness through two user studies. We show th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.09516","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2407.09516/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KN0pYpP6PVC5iVkeYcRZzz/y7k+ZAwW5Juj+vGNfwN5ayY+AMO4BmkiktwCtvn+RjctvsD5cQR9fOQBgNHePCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T11:50:34.375875Z"},"content_sha256":"0af1260fe266f0dd78ad510d408c66be7189d6ba684fd02b7881d74897730ce6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0af1260fe266f0dd78ad510d408c66be7189d6ba684fd02b7881d74897730ce6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OQO42EWKLKWHWXJWIILGCGASAG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OQO42EWKLKWHWXJWIILGCGASAG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OQO42EWKLKWHWXJWIILGCGASAG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T11:50:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OQO42EWKLKWHWXJWIILGCGASAG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OQO42EWKLKWHWXJWIILGCGASAG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OQO42EWKLKWHWXJWIILGCGASAG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OQO42EWKLKWHWXJWIILGCGASAG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:OQO42EWKLKWHWXJWIILGCGASAG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1110d4d3f39936946c2d7156536b14cb92ab55d9465def954390bc49ddd86489","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-06-19T02:20:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"430a3eac8b74eaf23a7774002a2deaa8530206968f7e8a58cb0f5ad2fef374f2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.09516","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2407.09516","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2407.09516v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2407.09516","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OQO42EWKLKWH","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OQO42EWKLKWHWXJW","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OQO42EWK","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0af1260fe266f0dd78ad510d408c66be7189d6ba684fd02b7881d74897730ce6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2407.09516/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a tool for researchers and practitioners to assess the actionability of information provided to users to support algorithmic recourse. While there are clear benefits of recourse from the user's perspective, the notion of actionability in explainable AI research remains vague, and claims of `actionable' explainability techniques are based on the researchers' intuition. Inspired by definitions and instruments for assessing actionability in other domains, we construct a seven-question tool and evaluate its effectiveness through two user studies. We show th","authors_text":"Eduardo Velloso, Frank Vetere, Liz Sonenberg, Paul Dourish, Piers Howe, Ronal Singh, Tim Miller","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-06-19T02:20:29Z","title":"An Actionability Assessment Tool for Explainable AI"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2407.09516","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e644622affac58cb5539b85ccb861af05c58e98abe6f5b6732889421af1d1327","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1110d4d3f39936946c2d7156536b14cb92ab55d9465def954390bc49ddd86489","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-06-19T02:20:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"430a3eac8b74eaf23a7774002a2deaa8530206968f7e8a58cb0f5ad2fef374f2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2407.09516","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"741dcd12ca5aac7b5d36421661181201adfb489b2e8f143a8c5c80ede81f885b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"741dcd12ca5aac7b5d36421661181201adfb489b2e8f143a8c5c80ede81f885b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31.412690Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31.412690Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/UBGcXIzZoSXsCIskCqJzuxqJ4kyJH+eEzucFNj3PotXwl3VKmvPHKJmlM9UqLgmWwYAcCrS2T4Gj+PW9O/9Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:43:31.413098Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2407.09516","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e644622affac58cb5539b85ccb861af05c58e98abe6f5b6732889421af1d1327","sha256:0af1260fe266f0dd78ad510d408c66be7189d6ba684fd02b7881d74897730ce6"],"state_sha256":"835b3eeacf309272062527591f6daa43f197b8fb58a564094fa7a7af33466f06"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CU9aWyTgNnJaF2ozX/vHGxUBm3Rg0wCDql+hu1t0LV4xpl9WdF3cPg/zNTIcuZtLzxPmwlL/GyGMc1Cv+vs8CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T11:50:34.380329Z","bundle_sha256":"0a8555dd75f23756b0fcf256893e0ebe3bdb2dc82065eacb138a3c662658bf4b"}}