{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJSY3IQI7TEH","short_pith_number":"pith:OR5HO7WB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.06795","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-16T00:12:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.RO","cs.SE","cs.SY","eess.SY","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"d45fd3e541566672b505717e46ff74113122854d587284fad4e92281358c8e48","abstract_canon_sha256":"8f4ff63818812fb8be8963a73158b34c02e6969bab00bd8de107e41c709c7099"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"747a777ec15ef6bc6d4996368823f321dea3eccfe4d272b76156bc9914249b6a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1907.06795","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.06795","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.06795v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.06795","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OR5HO7WBL33L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OR5HO7WB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJSY3IQI7TEH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.06795","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-16T00:12:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.RO","cs.SE","cs.SY","eess.SY","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"d45fd3e541566672b505717e46ff74113122854d587284fad4e92281358c8e48","abstract_canon_sha256":"8f4ff63818812fb8be8963a73158b34c02e6969bab00bd8de107e41c709c7099"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"747a777ec15ef6bc6d4996368823f321dea3eccfe4d272b76156bc9914249b6a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29.127605Z","signature_b64":"Hjh1tu4pnN/ROtZhheAxdPI1u7RUDBUZuzyZC1veLYbHhhowins9tmbgLGim8c5MAIgRfGX3WKuel776ENQiCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"747a777ec15ef6bc6d4996368823f321dea3eccfe4d272b76156bc9914249b6a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29.127008Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29.127008Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1907.06795","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KwobLey9rgEERQRg+ijvQ82Y+Lla5hB5qJ4+fN9Xdcm3HOG9Vkd3mX2s34QYnygUtED63OgA5QOxukQvIqysCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T07:51:45.106761Z"},"content_sha256":"ff7c262f970770a8447ed142eab579a9d6242823f72998c6dcdb8e42c2d8ca4d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ff7c262f970770a8447ed142eab579a9d6242823f72998c6dcdb8e42c2d8ca4d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJSY3IQI7TEH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Efficient Autonomy Validation in Simulation with Adaptive Stress Testing","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.RO","cs.SE","cs.SY","eess.SY","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Mark Koren, Mykel Kochenderfer","submitted_at":"2019-07-16T00:12:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"During the development of autonomous systems such as driverless cars, it is important to characterize the scenarios that are most likely to result in failure. Adaptive Stress Testing (AST) provides a way to search for the most-likely failure scenario as a Markov decision process (MDP). Our previous work used a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) solver to identify likely failure scenarios. However, the solver's use of a feed-forward neural network with a discretized space of possible initial conditions poses two major problems. First, the system is not treated as a black box, in that it requires"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.06795","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TTyJ0fiFi+bIvGCD/1BWqXdsRIWFCIoB/HwTIhExQwKbB+EZtw9WREMJpFHj+PtqQf4ERQPNau04VkSlt4iBCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T07:51:45.107106Z"},"content_sha256":"798c46239406b7a32993103d5077fae408141d9cfccd0e2942d2b3d9f388c27e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:798c46239406b7a32993103d5077fae408141d9cfccd0e2942d2b3d9f388c27e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJSY3IQI7TEH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJSY3IQI7TEH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJSY3IQI7TEH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T07:51:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJSY3IQI7TEH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJSY3IQI7TEH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJSY3IQI7TEH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJSY3IQI7TEH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJSY3IQI7TEH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8f4ff63818812fb8be8963a73158b34c02e6969bab00bd8de107e41c709c7099","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.RO","cs.SE","cs.SY","eess.SY","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-16T00:12:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"d45fd3e541566672b505717e46ff74113122854d587284fad4e92281358c8e48"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.06795","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.06795","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.06795v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.06795","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OR5HO7WBL33L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OR5HO7WBL33LY3KJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OR5HO7WB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:798c46239406b7a32993103d5077fae408141d9cfccd0e2942d2b3d9f388c27e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"During the development of autonomous systems such as driverless cars, it is important to characterize the scenarios that are most likely to result in failure. Adaptive Stress Testing (AST) provides a way to search for the most-likely failure scenario as a Markov decision process (MDP). Our previous work used a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) solver to identify likely failure scenarios. However, the solver's use of a feed-forward neural network with a discretized space of possible initial conditions poses two major problems. First, the system is not treated as a black box, in that it requires","authors_text":"Mark Koren, Mykel Kochenderfer","cross_cats":["cs.RO","cs.SE","cs.SY","eess.SY","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-16T00:12:09Z","title":"Efficient Autonomy Validation in Simulation with Adaptive Stress Testing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.06795","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ff7c262f970770a8447ed142eab579a9d6242823f72998c6dcdb8e42c2d8ca4d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8f4ff63818812fb8be8963a73158b34c02e6969bab00bd8de107e41c709c7099","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.RO","cs.SE","cs.SY","eess.SY","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-07-16T00:12:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"d45fd3e541566672b505717e46ff74113122854d587284fad4e92281358c8e48"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.06795","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"747a777ec15ef6bc6d4996368823f321dea3eccfe4d272b76156bc9914249b6a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"747a777ec15ef6bc6d4996368823f321dea3eccfe4d272b76156bc9914249b6a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29.127008Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29.127008Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Hjh1tu4pnN/ROtZhheAxdPI1u7RUDBUZuzyZC1veLYbHhhowins9tmbgLGim8c5MAIgRfGX3WKuel776ENQiCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:40:29.127605Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1907.06795","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ff7c262f970770a8447ed142eab579a9d6242823f72998c6dcdb8e42c2d8ca4d","sha256:798c46239406b7a32993103d5077fae408141d9cfccd0e2942d2b3d9f388c27e"],"state_sha256":"34469f8fc6d02e46e19738c706b90f4a3625c142094b93d3573456ea832db00f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ffV2aZ6jhIA7U7T6E18qmd6V4dGG4YihHynVLthvSn7oMlmECFd/o8WzqoGWo62KAhxbyLRpjhXcru4Pr2XoDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T07:51:45.109009Z","bundle_sha256":"13cb68765e89b0c382f50627e4f904c813938fea7451b111f4dc176785c7dbce"}}