{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2017:ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD","short_pith_number":"pith:ORBTKCPM","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"74433509eccbea13e9d62daad36957a0f21f555126ad7a47e66e73c28daf4f07","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1708.05986","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"2D Materials in Electro-optic Modulation: energy efficiency, electrostatics, mode overlap, material transfer and integration","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Ludwig Bartels, Ritesh Agarwal, Rohit Hemnani, Volker J. Sorger, Zhizhen Ma","submitted_at":"2017-08-20T15:51:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Here we discuss the physics of electro-optic modulators deploying 2D materials. We include a scaling laws analysis showing how energy-efficiency and speed change for three underlying cavity systems as a function of critical device length scaling. A key result is that the energy-per-bit of the modulator is proportional to the volume of the device, thus making the case for submicron-scale modulators possible deploying a plasmonic optical mode. We then show how Graphenes Pauli-blocking modulation mechanism is sensitive to the device operation temperature, whereby a reduction of the temperature en"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.05986","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2017-08-20T15:51:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ed969e0d319d632cd8ba9ee3d61549d6ba68c39c351e6bbe322561db5d203497","abstract_canon_sha256":"1556fec627c2fe1b2dc3b723919925b73bdade35c4aac92127127874e0024f2c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:34.063394Z","signature_b64":"jsALqkWy2LgE7Y1uaSLW0+PSTAvP81XVaHcqJ/8Lybpo3DVPPf23UgRkDml7xiGrfHpyvJ8XfNe+GviZV7FiAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"74433509eccbea13e9d62daad36957a0f21f555126ad7a47e66e73c28daf4f07","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:34.062945Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:34.062945Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"2D Materials in Electro-optic Modulation: energy efficiency, electrostatics, mode overlap, material transfer and integration","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Ludwig Bartels, Ritesh Agarwal, Rohit Hemnani, Volker J. Sorger, Zhizhen Ma","submitted_at":"2017-08-20T15:51:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Here we discuss the physics of electro-optic modulators deploying 2D materials. We include a scaling laws analysis showing how energy-efficiency and speed change for three underlying cavity systems as a function of critical device length scaling. A key result is that the energy-per-bit of the modulator is proportional to the volume of the device, thus making the case for submicron-scale modulators possible deploying a plasmonic optical mode. We then show how Graphenes Pauli-blocking modulation mechanism is sensitive to the device operation temperature, whereby a reduction of the temperature en"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.05986","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.05986","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:34.063012+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.05986v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:34.063012+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.05986","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:34.063012+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ORBTKCPMZPVB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:34.259226+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:34.259226+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ORBTKCPM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:34.259226+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD","json":"https://pith.science/pith/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/ORBTKCPM"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/ORBTKCPM","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1708.05986&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/ORBTKCPMZPVBH2OWFWVNG2KXUD/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:34.063012+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:34.063012+00:00"}