{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:ORSUTN5OOWJVFM56YW7LMMBGZO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13ac47f73be9ab04fff6170225191173ac00d24ec48fbca313f5d89bbb87551d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-22T15:38:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6232169b1e89073b6aa302e3f343bf82fee285e4371071cfab41704ca3e38fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.14769","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.14769","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.14769v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.14769","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ORSUTN5OOWJV","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ORSUTN5OOWJVFM56","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ORSUTN5O","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:be7c032b992770509a8e677bd5a533488acd741a4d252ddc8fe21d100ffaeddf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.14769/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Large Language Model Bias Index (LLMBI) is a pioneering approach designed to quantify and address biases inherent in large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4. We recognise the increasing prevalence and impact of LLMs across diverse sectors. This research introduces a novel metric, LLMBI, to systematically measure and mitigate biases potentially skewing model responses. We formulated LLMBI using a composite scoring system incorporating multiple dimensions of bias, including but not limited to age, gender, and racial biases. To operationalise this metric, we engaged in a multi-step proces","authors_text":"Abiodun Finbarrs Oketunji, Deepthi Saina, Muhammad Anas","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-22T15:38:13Z","title":"Large Language Model (LLM) Bias Index -- LLMBI"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.14769","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ddcbcb0f9e09d85b78fe8654933a000742431e531d83fdfaf8d31f26a5a68e2a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13ac47f73be9ab04fff6170225191173ac00d24ec48fbca313f5d89bbb87551d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-12-22T15:38:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6232169b1e89073b6aa302e3f343bf82fee285e4371071cfab41704ca3e38fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.14769","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"746549b7ae759352b3bec5beb63026cb849e3724d130f4880926d2785b9143b4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"746549b7ae759352b3bec5beb63026cb849e3724d130f4880926d2785b9143b4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:47.730238Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:47.730238Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mt5a6CqjKyzdBm7y2s+zknKKS1Iys2apsJkTE2fY1eEIJlVN3WtKDzhXEjLj5qRssv7ewehHdjqfm1OIBIipDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:28:47.730777Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.14769","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ddcbcb0f9e09d85b78fe8654933a000742431e531d83fdfaf8d31f26a5a68e2a","sha256:be7c032b992770509a8e677bd5a533488acd741a4d252ddc8fe21d100ffaeddf"],"state_sha256":"0b3b5731545b20a1d72e18dfa9178c20841d0e8949829e8d69c5dd9fe640197c"}