{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJVYBRFW5DXJ","short_pith_number":"pith:OSPWEVLK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.02174","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T01:18:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.DM","cs.LG","math.ST","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"8b74e53169c866bed0d796851256f49c9899bf91078f63b1f8d2de990a80b6c2","abstract_canon_sha256":"430c76c50ae77bdc2166bbd94f51e2c913c48780f24f3306f58856555c96204c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"749f62556ac2a1681f29ae0312dba3ba5ae5293cb772aaab128d331ab038a611","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1808.02174","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.02174","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.02174v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.02174","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OSPWEVLKYKQW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OSPWEVLK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJVYBRFW5DXJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.02174","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T01:18:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.DM","cs.LG","math.ST","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"8b74e53169c866bed0d796851256f49c9899bf91078f63b1f8d2de990a80b6c2","abstract_canon_sha256":"430c76c50ae77bdc2166bbd94f51e2c913c48780f24f3306f58856555c96204c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"749f62556ac2a1681f29ae0312dba3ba5ae5293cb772aaab128d331ab038a611","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47.360485Z","signature_b64":"ZRWIH18NUgcYo4O83Uj+i4KtPPlYI99Jm7rq6kGi0zhh2DoPdkBSxsClVRyLF/dqfRZQ1feBzhtcMS+e4r8GBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"749f62556ac2a1681f29ae0312dba3ba5ae5293cb772aaab128d331ab038a611","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47.359844Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47.359844Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1808.02174","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Buji/i7qDhbk3Oy0MKheouCDd2OfEamkiPK+M9ozK9a+PsFMppir2hH2v7LQHisVjeMCklllM1SbbIFNnc9xDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T19:40:36.371755Z"},"content_sha256":"4dbaee0430280b5ddaf92865ac08fb44aaa6e61f2e2ea35e027d6d02dd448e8e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4dbaee0430280b5ddaf92865ac08fb44aaa6e61f2e2ea35e027d6d02dd448e8e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJVYBRFW5DXJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Test without Trust: Optimal Locally Private Distribution Testing","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.DM","cs.LG","math.ST","stat.TH"],"primary_cat":"cs.DS","authors_text":"Cl\\'ement L. Canonne, Cody Freitag, Himanshu Tyagi, Jayadev Acharya","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T01:18:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the problem of distribution testing when the samples can only be accessed using a locally differentially private mechanism and focus on two representative testing questions of identity (goodness-of-fit) and independence testing for discrete distributions. We are concerned with two settings: First, when we insist on using an already deployed, general-purpose locally differentially private mechanism such as the popular RAPPOR or the recently introduced Hadamard Response for collecting data, and must build our tests based on the data collected via this mechanism; and second, when no such"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.02174","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9y1qchE06O/RwOU0ui04v4010mFEZMPdrCHdJRrLV38wqRQibZzSpFXFe6rNDVFRQcrvUiQZqYHejR4P+N1oAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T19:40:36.372441Z"},"content_sha256":"699a94cac1dfaa91d4e35014493cd72fb3644cb72550f7c2c8be3e86cdf89409","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:699a94cac1dfaa91d4e35014493cd72fb3644cb72550f7c2c8be3e86cdf89409"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJVYBRFW5DXJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJVYBRFW5DXJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJVYBRFW5DXJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T19:40:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJVYBRFW5DXJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJVYBRFW5DXJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJVYBRFW5DXJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJVYBRFW5DXJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJVYBRFW5DXJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"430c76c50ae77bdc2166bbd94f51e2c913c48780f24f3306f58856555c96204c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.DM","cs.LG","math.ST","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T01:18:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"8b74e53169c866bed0d796851256f49c9899bf91078f63b1f8d2de990a80b6c2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.02174","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.02174","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.02174v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.02174","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OSPWEVLKYKQW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OSPWEVLKYKQWQHZJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OSPWEVLK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:699a94cac1dfaa91d4e35014493cd72fb3644cb72550f7c2c8be3e86cdf89409","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the problem of distribution testing when the samples can only be accessed using a locally differentially private mechanism and focus on two representative testing questions of identity (goodness-of-fit) and independence testing for discrete distributions. We are concerned with two settings: First, when we insist on using an already deployed, general-purpose locally differentially private mechanism such as the popular RAPPOR or the recently introduced Hadamard Response for collecting data, and must build our tests based on the data collected via this mechanism; and second, when no such","authors_text":"Cl\\'ement L. Canonne, Cody Freitag, Himanshu Tyagi, Jayadev Acharya","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.DM","cs.LG","math.ST","stat.TH"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T01:18:57Z","title":"Test without Trust: Optimal Locally Private Distribution Testing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.02174","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4dbaee0430280b5ddaf92865ac08fb44aaa6e61f2e2ea35e027d6d02dd448e8e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"430c76c50ae77bdc2166bbd94f51e2c913c48780f24f3306f58856555c96204c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.DM","cs.LG","math.ST","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DS","submitted_at":"2018-08-07T01:18:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"8b74e53169c866bed0d796851256f49c9899bf91078f63b1f8d2de990a80b6c2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.02174","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"749f62556ac2a1681f29ae0312dba3ba5ae5293cb772aaab128d331ab038a611","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"749f62556ac2a1681f29ae0312dba3ba5ae5293cb772aaab128d331ab038a611","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47.359844Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47.359844Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ZRWIH18NUgcYo4O83Uj+i4KtPPlYI99Jm7rq6kGi0zhh2DoPdkBSxsClVRyLF/dqfRZQ1feBzhtcMS+e4r8GBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:08:47.360485Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.02174","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4dbaee0430280b5ddaf92865ac08fb44aaa6e61f2e2ea35e027d6d02dd448e8e","sha256:699a94cac1dfaa91d4e35014493cd72fb3644cb72550f7c2c8be3e86cdf89409"],"state_sha256":"5776c3d8aee7945df252a46bcc3ead7c4a48fe69d88fe0acd1cf56f119e6ff7b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WxlzCcme6zISLtxEYx0aaig5zjGQYdRtBiJCbBt0R/veOJfGhMonhxDJcum8jZRrK+V1QURRzFJs5I/9g6k5DQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T19:40:36.375968Z","bundle_sha256":"f7f99c0ddaaa8245f654e807773bc4c06bc5b3cc49df2533832d356a73fc6ea8"}}