{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSDH5OF6DGLDP","short_pith_number":"pith:OSVTIVR7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.13155","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-10-25T18:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"title_canon_sha256":"441cacb01935c066a09bdcb38f0d8476d903e429780b5819dcaa141e2f5946be","abstract_canon_sha256":"25b2b6358d4be03a53d3dc8ee33ce378fbe7e867f662c5b5bbefde393c08281f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"74ab34563fb12e02aa433f5c5f0ccb1bfcc329ea86a293e6d87cafdf6fd2ee35","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2110.13155","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.13155","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.13155v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.13155","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OSVTIVR7WEXA","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSD","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OSVTIVR7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSDH5OF6DGLDP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.13155","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-10-25T18:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"title_canon_sha256":"441cacb01935c066a09bdcb38f0d8476d903e429780b5819dcaa141e2f5946be","abstract_canon_sha256":"25b2b6358d4be03a53d3dc8ee33ce378fbe7e867f662c5b5bbefde393c08281f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"74ab34563fb12e02aa433f5c5f0ccb1bfcc329ea86a293e6d87cafdf6fd2ee35","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57.963485Z","signature_b64":"1em3ICUoYnj3wpG+Mpn9IxUnurebtBnsxfA/fUXY10z8jj1RYi9Lm6nbX72fDI3Pwn6jrQxZlCDrIY/Ik1euAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"74ab34563fb12e02aa433f5c5f0ccb1bfcc329ea86a293e6d87cafdf6fd2ee35","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57.963076Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57.963076Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2110.13155","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5PjMVh+YFZCG2iaWQcVIcIbu4M7b1BhDNXvUfxrjWp9a+pJrvmPC5z8yN3hxd1qmvoDsxGcEmVxYbdAMI9oBDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T14:39:19.186786Z"},"content_sha256":"c290fd8000a36bd7c28ac7bd6e3f080b2b32d503e9f067140426eda32e0ded2f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c290fd8000a36bd7c28ac7bd6e3f080b2b32d503e9f067140426eda32e0ded2f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSDH5OF6DGLDP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"No Such Thing as a Simple Flare: Substructure and QPPs Observed in a Statistical Sample of 20 Second Cadence TESS Flares","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Meredith A. MacGregor, Ward S. Howard","submitted_at":"2021-10-25T18:00:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"A 20 second cadence TESS monitoring campaign of 226 low-mass flare stars during Cycle 3 recorded 3792 stellar flares of >10^32 erg. We explore the time-resolved emission and substructure in 440 of the largest flares observed at high S/N, 97% of which released energies of >10^33 erg. We discover degeneracy present at 2 minute cadence between sharply-peaked and weakly-peaked flares is common, although 20 second cadence breaks these degeneracies. We better resolve the rise phases and find 46% of large flares exhibit substructure during the rise phase. We observe 49 candidate quasi-periodic pulsat"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.13155","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2110.13155/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7AbXFGfCM+BMHbAAH9Oyua4g44a/b4O15BF8dUw2LzZtM0eDUsMYBQxBakn/rCmUpCUZCQkapJyV/199YTXZBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T14:39:19.187420Z"},"content_sha256":"7071a6f2d6f4161b3267b51c41fbdef2cccdea511fdcb8b1b4a3a84ac04adae9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7071a6f2d6f4161b3267b51c41fbdef2cccdea511fdcb8b1b4a3a84ac04adae9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSDH5OF6DGLDP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSDH5OF6DGLDP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSDH5OF6DGLDP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-02T14:39:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSDH5OF6DGLDP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSDH5OF6DGLDP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSDH5OF6DGLDP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSDH5OF6DGLDP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSDH5OF6DGLDP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"25b2b6358d4be03a53d3dc8ee33ce378fbe7e867f662c5b5bbefde393c08281f","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-10-25T18:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"441cacb01935c066a09bdcb38f0d8476d903e429780b5819dcaa141e2f5946be"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.13155","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.13155","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.13155v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.13155","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OSVTIVR7WEXA","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OSVTIVR7WEXAFKSD","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OSVTIVR7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7071a6f2d6f4161b3267b51c41fbdef2cccdea511fdcb8b1b4a3a84ac04adae9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2110.13155/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A 20 second cadence TESS monitoring campaign of 226 low-mass flare stars during Cycle 3 recorded 3792 stellar flares of >10^32 erg. We explore the time-resolved emission and substructure in 440 of the largest flares observed at high S/N, 97% of which released energies of >10^33 erg. We discover degeneracy present at 2 minute cadence between sharply-peaked and weakly-peaked flares is common, although 20 second cadence breaks these degeneracies. We better resolve the rise phases and find 46% of large flares exhibit substructure during the rise phase. We observe 49 candidate quasi-periodic pulsat","authors_text":"Meredith A. MacGregor, Ward S. Howard","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-10-25T18:00:01Z","title":"No Such Thing as a Simple Flare: Substructure and QPPs Observed in a Statistical Sample of 20 Second Cadence TESS Flares"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.13155","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c290fd8000a36bd7c28ac7bd6e3f080b2b32d503e9f067140426eda32e0ded2f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"25b2b6358d4be03a53d3dc8ee33ce378fbe7e867f662c5b5bbefde393c08281f","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-10-25T18:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"441cacb01935c066a09bdcb38f0d8476d903e429780b5819dcaa141e2f5946be"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.13155","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"74ab34563fb12e02aa433f5c5f0ccb1bfcc329ea86a293e6d87cafdf6fd2ee35","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"74ab34563fb12e02aa433f5c5f0ccb1bfcc329ea86a293e6d87cafdf6fd2ee35","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57.963076Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57.963076Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1em3ICUoYnj3wpG+Mpn9IxUnurebtBnsxfA/fUXY10z8jj1RYi9Lm6nbX72fDI3Pwn6jrQxZlCDrIY/Ik1euAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:02:57.963485Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2110.13155","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c290fd8000a36bd7c28ac7bd6e3f080b2b32d503e9f067140426eda32e0ded2f","sha256:7071a6f2d6f4161b3267b51c41fbdef2cccdea511fdcb8b1b4a3a84ac04adae9"],"state_sha256":"87c38686c3c82949ea07ca37dc4fd3c6d778813caffa8d4c76d09c5779302e06"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+kOUYcMGmsr5dtTnH1X+7IDdIn0VSyZQuOhL01LXmGhaXEvEKhzuVpWAuoAbG1tBPOKEsneboc1FlCtyFsL2Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T14:39:19.192403Z","bundle_sha256":"2feb9ead8235371471e387eceeddacbc859d97e3aca365ab70dd24dc94e02dd7"}}