{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEAJLQPH7ZNH2","short_pith_number":"pith:OSZEO3Z5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.0544","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2013-08-02T15:51:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.MA"],"title_canon_sha256":"b170c057e626bd202a319ae92adfd5c2a663dbef32d0d8e19be755e73702462b","abstract_canon_sha256":"5e0eaf1e2b1edc3d132dccfa3528155b61e6b1ad9622b389ffd7a2366f0ac57b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"74b2476f3d685f4db0804ae0f3ff2d3ea97d8688a8dbf51bdd902795577b7e43","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1308.0544","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.0544","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.0544v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.0544","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OSZEO3Z5NBPU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OSZEO3Z5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEAJLQPH7ZNH2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1308.0544","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2013-08-02T15:51:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.MA"],"title_canon_sha256":"b170c057e626bd202a319ae92adfd5c2a663dbef32d0d8e19be755e73702462b","abstract_canon_sha256":"5e0eaf1e2b1edc3d132dccfa3528155b61e6b1ad9622b389ffd7a2366f0ac57b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"74b2476f3d685f4db0804ae0f3ff2d3ea97d8688a8dbf51bdd902795577b7e43","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49.291415Z","signature_b64":"4tq7hCwZ3ZsLI8/GOAXOkHuRAWj0WZDcHoliRkWOO0OY8Pp176Chvx8gI6Ds7i051t+1BJSr/1wbopqrsktuAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"74b2476f3d685f4db0804ae0f3ff2d3ea97d8688a8dbf51bdd902795577b7e43","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49.290519Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49.290519Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1308.0544","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2Epb0jMwX/oueQglv8N0G1zvau6JgkVF8BS//1uwOvrsW1ygeWzUcD1NsVRR/ahp7ynDAzgF7e0isbnrHqqDAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T05:53:28.151341Z"},"content_sha256":"08bb4b7bc1ca3f620dba5003cae44e7df69dffe3e557af9c7bf6ce380858353a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:08bb4b7bc1ca3f620dba5003cae44e7df69dffe3e557af9c7bf6ce380858353a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEAJLQPH7ZNH2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Control in the Presence of Manipulators: Cooperative and Competitive Cases","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CC","cs.MA"],"primary_cat":"cs.GT","authors_text":"Edith Hemaspaandra, Lane A. Hemaspaandra, Zack Fitzsimmons","submitted_at":"2013-08-02T15:51:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Control and manipulation are two of the most studied types of attacks on elections. In this paper, we study the complexity of control attacks on elections in which there are manipulators. We study both the case where the \"chair\" who is seeking to control the election is allied with the manipulators, and the case where the manipulators seek to thwart the chair. In the latter case, we see that the order of play substantially influences the complexity. We prove upper bounds, holding over every election system with a polynomial-time winner problem, for all standard control cases, and some of these"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.0544","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SOZGzfWPAI953UJPhRBH6wYHyKlnQMETuODSI3bRrFICm47BH0t8VQvJ0i1MWx5feOcEGZQD4ObiaygA1WuaDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T05:53:28.151712Z"},"content_sha256":"a5bc0a1b5495372334f18c0216ce06f71d66c742ef16a352f9704ae041432bf1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a5bc0a1b5495372334f18c0216ce06f71d66c742ef16a352f9704ae041432bf1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEAJLQPH7ZNH2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEAJLQPH7ZNH2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEAJLQPH7ZNH2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T05:53:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEAJLQPH7ZNH2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEAJLQPH7ZNH2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEAJLQPH7ZNH2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEAJLQPH7ZNH2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEAJLQPH7ZNH2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5e0eaf1e2b1edc3d132dccfa3528155b61e6b1ad9622b389ffd7a2366f0ac57b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.MA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2013-08-02T15:51:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"b170c057e626bd202a319ae92adfd5c2a663dbef32d0d8e19be755e73702462b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.0544","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1308.0544","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1308.0544v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1308.0544","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OSZEO3Z5NBPU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OSZEO3Z5NBPU3MEA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OSZEO3Z5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a5bc0a1b5495372334f18c0216ce06f71d66c742ef16a352f9704ae041432bf1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Control and manipulation are two of the most studied types of attacks on elections. In this paper, we study the complexity of control attacks on elections in which there are manipulators. We study both the case where the \"chair\" who is seeking to control the election is allied with the manipulators, and the case where the manipulators seek to thwart the chair. In the latter case, we see that the order of play substantially influences the complexity. We prove upper bounds, holding over every election system with a polynomial-time winner problem, for all standard control cases, and some of these","authors_text":"Edith Hemaspaandra, Lane A. Hemaspaandra, Zack Fitzsimmons","cross_cats":["cs.CC","cs.MA"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2013-08-02T15:51:30Z","title":"Control in the Presence of Manipulators: Cooperative and Competitive Cases"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1308.0544","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:08bb4b7bc1ca3f620dba5003cae44e7df69dffe3e557af9c7bf6ce380858353a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5e0eaf1e2b1edc3d132dccfa3528155b61e6b1ad9622b389ffd7a2366f0ac57b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC","cs.MA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2013-08-02T15:51:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"b170c057e626bd202a319ae92adfd5c2a663dbef32d0d8e19be755e73702462b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1308.0544","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"74b2476f3d685f4db0804ae0f3ff2d3ea97d8688a8dbf51bdd902795577b7e43","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"74b2476f3d685f4db0804ae0f3ff2d3ea97d8688a8dbf51bdd902795577b7e43","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49.290519Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49.290519Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4tq7hCwZ3ZsLI8/GOAXOkHuRAWj0WZDcHoliRkWOO0OY8Pp176Chvx8gI6Ds7i051t+1BJSr/1wbopqrsktuAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:42:49.291415Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1308.0544","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:08bb4b7bc1ca3f620dba5003cae44e7df69dffe3e557af9c7bf6ce380858353a","sha256:a5bc0a1b5495372334f18c0216ce06f71d66c742ef16a352f9704ae041432bf1"],"state_sha256":"9e05295d2effaf1ae4c28b50c10dc2493cac088af520fa0b41eb5b2e10873ae3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5Ll7WJ12aAWgWI2QTh2TAyrU0mqptT8xNNVhPHAVQ6j4IWrdl+cumBw9Sx9R6b6uxgoVZiD+dJ6PLg9EbcWdAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T05:53:28.154003Z","bundle_sha256":"e1a92df7b67343a694865de0bde5e0554d3d95c45975a97dae71c64bf1c2d1da"}}