{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O","short_pith_number":"pith:OT3CVGA2","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"74f62a981ac06c39bbebf50007bf8ef3851428bca6943c62b61f0cf108422a9e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1504.00773","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Light Dark Matter and Dark Radiation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"C.S. Kim, Jae Ho Heo","submitted_at":"2015-04-03T08:22:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"Light dark-matter ($M\\leq20$ MeV) particles freeze out after neutrino decoupling. If the dark-matter particle couples to a neutrino or an electromagnetic plasma, the late time entropy production from dark-matter annihilation can change the neutrino-to-photon temperature ratio, and equally the effective number of neutrinos $N_{eff}$. We study the non-equilibrium effects of dark-matter annihilation on the $N_{eff}$ and the effects by using a thermal equilibrium approximation. Both results are constrained with Planck observations. We demonstrate that the lower bounds of the dark-matter mass and t"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.00773","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-04-03T08:22:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"3bbc3dd793bb95864c2951f37997ea41b4b1151c0a3a1289675a9e79c04d415b","abstract_canon_sha256":"68b3af2e5b3a92d3f6d1d1c240fe6659cd3a7cc9cc072fdd1962fc03fc0df5b9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.150161Z","signature_b64":"oCCw8eKohvAj7RqXexmT7uPLZxmIWiyLSHNoCI45QsxgONOYAetqxA35MzPwpmg6itvHP2F4bfbEXo9Oh1xTAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"74f62a981ac06c39bbebf50007bf8ef3851428bca6943c62b61f0cf108422a9e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.149716Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.149716Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Light Dark Matter and Dark Radiation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"C.S. Kim, Jae Ho Heo","submitted_at":"2015-04-03T08:22:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"Light dark-matter ($M\\leq20$ MeV) particles freeze out after neutrino decoupling. If the dark-matter particle couples to a neutrino or an electromagnetic plasma, the late time entropy production from dark-matter annihilation can change the neutrino-to-photon temperature ratio, and equally the effective number of neutrinos $N_{eff}$. We study the non-equilibrium effects of dark-matter annihilation on the $N_{eff}$ and the effects by using a thermal equilibrium approximation. Both results are constrained with Planck observations. We demonstrate that the lower bounds of the dark-matter mass and t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.00773","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.00773","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.149786+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.00773v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.149786+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.00773","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.149786+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OT3CVGA2YBWD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34.919912+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34.919912+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OT3CVGA2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34.919912+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O","json":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/OT3CVGA2"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/OT3CVGA2","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1504.00773&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.149786+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.149786+00:00"}