{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O","short_pith_number":"pith:OT3CVGA2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.00773","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-04-03T08:22:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"3bbc3dd793bb95864c2951f37997ea41b4b1151c0a3a1289675a9e79c04d415b","abstract_canon_sha256":"68b3af2e5b3a92d3f6d1d1c240fe6659cd3a7cc9cc072fdd1962fc03fc0df5b9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"74f62a981ac06c39bbebf50007bf8ef3851428bca6943c62b61f0cf108422a9e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1504.00773","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.00773","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.00773v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.00773","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OT3CVGA2YBWD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OT3CVGA2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.00773","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-04-03T08:22:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"3bbc3dd793bb95864c2951f37997ea41b4b1151c0a3a1289675a9e79c04d415b","abstract_canon_sha256":"68b3af2e5b3a92d3f6d1d1c240fe6659cd3a7cc9cc072fdd1962fc03fc0df5b9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"74f62a981ac06c39bbebf50007bf8ef3851428bca6943c62b61f0cf108422a9e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.150161Z","signature_b64":"oCCw8eKohvAj7RqXexmT7uPLZxmIWiyLSHNoCI45QsxgONOYAetqxA35MzPwpmg6itvHP2F4bfbEXo9Oh1xTAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"74f62a981ac06c39bbebf50007bf8ef3851428bca6943c62b61f0cf108422a9e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.149716Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.149716Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1504.00773","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Q4YC3X1TY6+cPWi9FvMok2fCtZSmp290mpaUOruOQ6Q9u0v5reydbLSoRGb3kMeHmHJMXkWP3n/Xl19g8Q4lCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:51:22.400879Z"},"content_sha256":"b3cdf597166ae4cfeebe9a712b53152906a68e873eb51c4dbbbca6dcbc076c39","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b3cdf597166ae4cfeebe9a712b53152906a68e873eb51c4dbbbca6dcbc076c39"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Light Dark Matter and Dark Radiation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"C.S. Kim, Jae Ho Heo","submitted_at":"2015-04-03T08:22:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"Light dark-matter ($M\\leq20$ MeV) particles freeze out after neutrino decoupling. If the dark-matter particle couples to a neutrino or an electromagnetic plasma, the late time entropy production from dark-matter annihilation can change the neutrino-to-photon temperature ratio, and equally the effective number of neutrinos $N_{eff}$. We study the non-equilibrium effects of dark-matter annihilation on the $N_{eff}$ and the effects by using a thermal equilibrium approximation. Both results are constrained with Planck observations. We demonstrate that the lower bounds of the dark-matter mass and t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.00773","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zVWv1tLZCuKIkdKdnqin3Pk3RL6NAzOgeJqY1lsgDwfr8d+zgXryOS/t410foF1/TCLSnvS/hnBQmbWdJENBAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:51:22.401464Z"},"content_sha256":"38e6c5738beedccc945bebbf030a0bf739a01dd6b21413bde21318afbefbb86f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:38e6c5738beedccc945bebbf030a0bf739a01dd6b21413bde21318afbefbb86f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T03:51:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L6UAAPP4O6O","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"68b3af2e5b3a92d3f6d1d1c240fe6659cd3a7cc9cc072fdd1962fc03fc0df5b9","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-04-03T08:22:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"3bbc3dd793bb95864c2951f37997ea41b4b1151c0a3a1289675a9e79c04d415b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.00773","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.00773","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.00773v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.00773","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OT3CVGA2YBWD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OT3CVGA2YBWDTO7L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OT3CVGA2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:38e6c5738beedccc945bebbf030a0bf739a01dd6b21413bde21318afbefbb86f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Light dark-matter ($M\\leq20$ MeV) particles freeze out after neutrino decoupling. If the dark-matter particle couples to a neutrino or an electromagnetic plasma, the late time entropy production from dark-matter annihilation can change the neutrino-to-photon temperature ratio, and equally the effective number of neutrinos $N_{eff}$. We study the non-equilibrium effects of dark-matter annihilation on the $N_{eff}$ and the effects by using a thermal equilibrium approximation. Both results are constrained with Planck observations. We demonstrate that the lower bounds of the dark-matter mass and t","authors_text":"C.S. Kim, Jae Ho Heo","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-04-03T08:22:40Z","title":"Light Dark Matter and Dark Radiation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.00773","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b3cdf597166ae4cfeebe9a712b53152906a68e873eb51c4dbbbca6dcbc076c39","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"68b3af2e5b3a92d3f6d1d1c240fe6659cd3a7cc9cc072fdd1962fc03fc0df5b9","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2015-04-03T08:22:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"3bbc3dd793bb95864c2951f37997ea41b4b1151c0a3a1289675a9e79c04d415b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.00773","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"74f62a981ac06c39bbebf50007bf8ef3851428bca6943c62b61f0cf108422a9e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"74f62a981ac06c39bbebf50007bf8ef3851428bca6943c62b61f0cf108422a9e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.149716Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.149716Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oCCw8eKohvAj7RqXexmT7uPLZxmIWiyLSHNoCI45QsxgONOYAetqxA35MzPwpmg6itvHP2F4bfbEXo9Oh1xTAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:19:16.150161Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1504.00773","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b3cdf597166ae4cfeebe9a712b53152906a68e873eb51c4dbbbca6dcbc076c39","sha256:38e6c5738beedccc945bebbf030a0bf739a01dd6b21413bde21318afbefbb86f"],"state_sha256":"ead0a032a8d61c41293fb1c2ebe1f838442340ce5f34c53c4fe0808637852e39"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"n3UaG7ZvKeRrk4reRSJfFqJhgplWQ38N5p+mj9Gew9KqtbpJE3mYTc2fgIDINB+/faRfAyqm16ahsbEjzSayAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T03:51:22.404522Z","bundle_sha256":"e31eae994acd9c96e9c7258d05c67702e6b3d7f17a632630958326c7797654c7"}}