{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY22GLJNPI4MV","short_pith_number":"pith:OVLVCILD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.11363","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T17:19:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI","eess.SP"],"title_canon_sha256":"2afe1d1ab28222a9f83fa78e15e69de4ccc17d46f535ecd95187c0c31e5fc734","abstract_canon_sha256":"d925ebdac6b2be03dc7456a373fa11e50abb95205e1bae0535e424d9e1eee46c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"755751216374a79dd31ad19696bd1c65783727ce4b281ad41667e947aabc2450","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2312.11363","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.11363","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.11363v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.11363","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OVLVCILDOSTZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OVLVCILD","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY22GLJNPI4MV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2312.11363","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T17:19:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI","eess.SP"],"title_canon_sha256":"2afe1d1ab28222a9f83fa78e15e69de4ccc17d46f535ecd95187c0c31e5fc734","abstract_canon_sha256":"d925ebdac6b2be03dc7456a373fa11e50abb95205e1bae0535e424d9e1eee46c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"755751216374a79dd31ad19696bd1c65783727ce4b281ad41667e947aabc2450","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32.837006Z","signature_b64":"latyPfZn987Oli4kJqiU2tH/nZXtptbRxxst/I/cBUbPvNNtxtIiWwJbEqjurU/7gSZ/2le6qQpEiBoPU2NQAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"755751216374a79dd31ad19696bd1c65783727ce4b281ad41667e947aabc2450","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32.836460Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32.836460Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2312.11363","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mTrxpFl0xpKIzRYGCZHbGzuuF9GFoZM6VkmX6eie/UOQHvaQmNuvcDgICq7GBL1RpEuZI4uQLHSnFs69E9z/AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T20:55:23.119444Z"},"content_sha256":"927d8b7e5d35bbe869443923d01274a6211da7c725c80af4466be5fad3670255","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:927d8b7e5d35bbe869443923d01274a6211da7c725c80af4466be5fad3670255"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY22GLJNPI4MV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Online Vertical Federated Learning for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.NI","eess.SP"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Heqiang Wang, Jie Xu","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T17:19:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"The increasing demand for wireless communication underscores the need to optimize radio frequency spectrum utilization. An effective strategy for leveraging underutilized licensed frequency bands is cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS), which enable multiple secondary users (SUs) to collaboratively detect the spectrum usage of primary users (PUs) prior to accessing the licensed spectrum. The increasing popularity of machine learning has led to a shift from traditional CSS methods to those based on deep learning. However, deep learning-based CSS methods often rely on centralized learning, posing "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.11363","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2312.11363/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4R2P8e1ZDrx3Ip8EnDFJWn0y78q4TVy2c/Au9VEkHG0wt4AR0TvZbl1b6rxPLrs6yuQ6vMVInWhgf1trRbTQAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T20:55:23.120385Z"},"content_sha256":"43b1f9a703a2b56ebbb272149fd77f8a081fbfe1aca1d1baaf7ce04941475145","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:43b1f9a703a2b56ebbb272149fd77f8a081fbfe1aca1d1baaf7ce04941475145"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY22GLJNPI4MV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY22GLJNPI4MV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY22GLJNPI4MV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T20:55:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY22GLJNPI4MV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY22GLJNPI4MV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY22GLJNPI4MV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY22GLJNPI4MV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY22GLJNPI4MV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d925ebdac6b2be03dc7456a373fa11e50abb95205e1bae0535e424d9e1eee46c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI","eess.SP"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T17:19:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"2afe1d1ab28222a9f83fa78e15e69de4ccc17d46f535ecd95187c0c31e5fc734"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.11363","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2312.11363","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2312.11363v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2312.11363","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OVLVCILDOSTZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OVLVCILDOSTZ3UY2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OVLVCILD","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:43b1f9a703a2b56ebbb272149fd77f8a081fbfe1aca1d1baaf7ce04941475145","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2312.11363/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The increasing demand for wireless communication underscores the need to optimize radio frequency spectrum utilization. An effective strategy for leveraging underutilized licensed frequency bands is cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS), which enable multiple secondary users (SUs) to collaboratively detect the spectrum usage of primary users (PUs) prior to accessing the licensed spectrum. The increasing popularity of machine learning has led to a shift from traditional CSS methods to those based on deep learning. However, deep learning-based CSS methods often rely on centralized learning, posing ","authors_text":"Heqiang Wang, Jie Xu","cross_cats":["cs.NI","eess.SP"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T17:19:53Z","title":"Online Vertical Federated Learning for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2312.11363","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:927d8b7e5d35bbe869443923d01274a6211da7c725c80af4466be5fad3670255","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d925ebdac6b2be03dc7456a373fa11e50abb95205e1bae0535e424d9e1eee46c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.NI","eess.SP"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-12-18T17:19:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"2afe1d1ab28222a9f83fa78e15e69de4ccc17d46f535ecd95187c0c31e5fc734"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2312.11363","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"755751216374a79dd31ad19696bd1c65783727ce4b281ad41667e947aabc2450","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"755751216374a79dd31ad19696bd1c65783727ce4b281ad41667e947aabc2450","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32.836460Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32.836460Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"latyPfZn987Oli4kJqiU2tH/nZXtptbRxxst/I/cBUbPvNNtxtIiWwJbEqjurU/7gSZ/2le6qQpEiBoPU2NQAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:25:32.837006Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2312.11363","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:927d8b7e5d35bbe869443923d01274a6211da7c725c80af4466be5fad3670255","sha256:43b1f9a703a2b56ebbb272149fd77f8a081fbfe1aca1d1baaf7ce04941475145"],"state_sha256":"33323220ff408b97299aada52ea84c8b81cddc1c5b6b6224b1dbe0f675635d05"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tfayIf5N5AYqnlzkCSRyCdz7yCJig0fDblJTWOHszB4upnBqyAZpi3rQ21N2ztXTHvLThg9W7STsFoxLs/3UBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T20:55:23.125063Z","bundle_sha256":"28bc6cc573b22e78e63c6fa900e41a1f1e6e3692c33fbfc5ca1aa1d557e1d1ad"}}