{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZWHKPEF4OTFK","short_pith_number":"pith:OXBIFOWC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.02837","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T13:05:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"03dc0e3279db5f96602d2ad05346ea19a6436173aa07f8c0742f1b48fe54c677","abstract_canon_sha256":"bad34768f0f49fdcabd191071b0a0f626ef64abc708af2326d66a665155f1110"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"75c282bac2f5921693363a9e42f1d32a99da41fbae028621dd411035174948d0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2506.02837","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.02837","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.02837v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.02837","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OXBIFOWC6WJB","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OXBIFOWC","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZWHKPEF4OTFK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2506.02837","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T13:05:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"03dc0e3279db5f96602d2ad05346ea19a6436173aa07f8c0742f1b48fe54c677","abstract_canon_sha256":"bad34768f0f49fdcabd191071b0a0f626ef64abc708af2326d66a665155f1110"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"75c282bac2f5921693363a9e42f1d32a99da41fbae028621dd411035174948d0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10.112029Z","signature_b64":"tj2ZRTNWSyhkNNEkaaT3FIzfSXZWxh3wCn9clF+MfKMuU/h47MT1ft1kyg8yhkerAIonBQ2bd910PGGUoLDNBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"75c282bac2f5921693363a9e42f1d32a99da41fbae028621dd411035174948d0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10.111573Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10.111573Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2506.02837","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZMO+iWcoYqKl/yhgBa1c0/a9tndWGOxi7eO/9EvP27R6o6ZKtit5gqXPUSzH3hqYS73bCBf3LVlEGHvY7GZHDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T04:49:40.528952Z"},"content_sha256":"8c0f1dac31d12d3b649dd88c279754275c001755a457a1365a75606a18faa680","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8c0f1dac31d12d3b649dd88c279754275c001755a457a1365a75606a18faa680"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZWHKPEF4OTFK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optimal BESS Scheduling for Multi-Market Participation in the Nordics","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Chresten Traeholt, Zeenat Hameed","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T13:05:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Battery energy storage systems BESSs can provide fast frequency reserves and energy arbitrage in Nordic electricity markets but their limited energy capacity requires accurate revenue forecasts and coordinated bidding across multiple submarkets. This paper introduces a unified framework that employs generalized additive models GAMs to generate one week ahead forecasts of spot and FCRN revenues in Denmark, Finland, and Norway using three years of hourly price and volume data. Forecast outputs feed a stochastic mixed integer optimizer that co-optimizes BESS participation in FCRN, FCRD, spot mark"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.02837","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2506.02837/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"O0mOqSX3o2HwzJImi1Cqj5sRpzcE0KYA+IqwqPxpzjIGw3eow5cDHOVxYVz6tt/0hWSLt6xt90xUj++ydPabDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T04:49:40.529751Z"},"content_sha256":"03e8920d1aa991a810826a87f45c684cb27f456f0cba12c5fb0f358eebdd1306","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:03e8920d1aa991a810826a87f45c684cb27f456f0cba12c5fb0f358eebdd1306"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZWHKPEF4OTFK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZWHKPEF4OTFK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZWHKPEF4OTFK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T04:49:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZWHKPEF4OTFK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZWHKPEF4OTFK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZWHKPEF4OTFK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZWHKPEF4OTFK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZWHKPEF4OTFK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bad34768f0f49fdcabd191071b0a0f626ef64abc708af2326d66a665155f1110","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T13:05:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"03dc0e3279db5f96602d2ad05346ea19a6436173aa07f8c0742f1b48fe54c677"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.02837","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.02837","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.02837v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.02837","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OXBIFOWC6WJB","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OXBIFOWC6WJBNEZW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OXBIFOWC","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:03e8920d1aa991a810826a87f45c684cb27f456f0cba12c5fb0f358eebdd1306","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.02837/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Battery energy storage systems BESSs can provide fast frequency reserves and energy arbitrage in Nordic electricity markets but their limited energy capacity requires accurate revenue forecasts and coordinated bidding across multiple submarkets. This paper introduces a unified framework that employs generalized additive models GAMs to generate one week ahead forecasts of spot and FCRN revenues in Denmark, Finland, and Norway using three years of hourly price and volume data. Forecast outputs feed a stochastic mixed integer optimizer that co-optimizes BESS participation in FCRN, FCRD, spot mark","authors_text":"Chresten Traeholt, Zeenat Hameed","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T13:05:39Z","title":"Optimal BESS Scheduling for Multi-Market Participation in the Nordics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.02837","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8c0f1dac31d12d3b649dd88c279754275c001755a457a1365a75606a18faa680","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bad34768f0f49fdcabd191071b0a0f626ef64abc708af2326d66a665155f1110","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T13:05:39Z","title_canon_sha256":"03dc0e3279db5f96602d2ad05346ea19a6436173aa07f8c0742f1b48fe54c677"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.02837","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"75c282bac2f5921693363a9e42f1d32a99da41fbae028621dd411035174948d0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"75c282bac2f5921693363a9e42f1d32a99da41fbae028621dd411035174948d0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10.111573Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10.111573Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"tj2ZRTNWSyhkNNEkaaT3FIzfSXZWxh3wCn9clF+MfKMuU/h47MT1ft1kyg8yhkerAIonBQ2bd910PGGUoLDNBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:15:10.112029Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.02837","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8c0f1dac31d12d3b649dd88c279754275c001755a457a1365a75606a18faa680","sha256:03e8920d1aa991a810826a87f45c684cb27f456f0cba12c5fb0f358eebdd1306"],"state_sha256":"3913f736bb19751a7de2eefdcdf21d8448e88bfd7baeaf1c72b67ff77e51d486"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lv6S2z3lfKI5h0BhptrkLQc7QXNFSIxsz/cN5RCWrlWeElM+D8pzhtfjPKk7IYPpikKzxzKC6Dt4+gp07dqECQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T04:49:40.534258Z","bundle_sha256":"c0490ee2ba1c33fc3f103acfd192568bd258cad7e181ce6acfc9b15cb800da54"}}