{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZI4REP643UV","short_pith_number":"pith:OXFF2TMT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.04299","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2024-11-06T22:48:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"df776d2198608dee0191282ad61484243332397fa79ee4c2db0a76863b5bead5","abstract_canon_sha256":"acc2e4b3cedd6b8d19ac7b5ee8612b490f195aeee6d12844356db59fd96beb70"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"75ca5d4d93867e1455f9472247fb9ba54560c1a32eeee47d561fa3ac2fcd86c4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.04299","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.04299","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.04299v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.04299","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OXFF2TMTQZ7B","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OXFF2TMT","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZI4REP643UV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.04299","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2024-11-06T22:48:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"df776d2198608dee0191282ad61484243332397fa79ee4c2db0a76863b5bead5","abstract_canon_sha256":"acc2e4b3cedd6b8d19ac7b5ee8612b490f195aeee6d12844356db59fd96beb70"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"75ca5d4d93867e1455f9472247fb9ba54560c1a32eeee47d561fa3ac2fcd86c4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17.024288Z","signature_b64":"wjzGzzdzCDXVz+vA0PFjtaLoA5TvnAFqCFxuLTvsdO+f2fAZvRX573FR/MqaJBJrrV0a3sWDEr1WFESOGYUDAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"75ca5d4d93867e1455f9472247fb9ba54560c1a32eeee47d561fa3ac2fcd86c4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17.023925Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17.023925Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.04299","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"i88p5J0lAJ3pdcAOAr88KuCWqVjh5ULBk4zRkoMCRLznTasP40UCH7N2dcQ2sMchI8/260f8dbiDukVsxXWsDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:40:19.649897Z"},"content_sha256":"e159430c373adaf2555fc831720cc658e923b2f5392d9f7f7eeab4ab9f13c305","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e159430c373adaf2555fc831720cc658e923b2f5392d9f7f7eeab4ab9f13c305"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZI4REP643UV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Empirical Study on Automatically Detecting AI-Generated Source Code: How Far Are We?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Adithya Bhattiprolu, Hyunjae Suh, Iftekhar Ahmed, Jiawei Li, Mahan Tafreshipour","submitted_at":"2024-11-06T22:48:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, especially Large Language Models (LLMs), have started gaining popularity among researchers and software developers for generating source code. However, LLMs have been shown to generate code with quality issues and also incurred copyright/licensing infringements. Therefore, detecting whether a piece of source code is written by humans or AI has become necessary. This study first presents an empirical analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the existing AI detection tools in detecting AI-generated code. The results show that they all perform poorly a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.04299","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.04299/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kVn00O5EufcHHI+DrjA1XdUAR5ab5/3Bv+UMS1aPCGpTNdNeGJvpo6qWRgULq9KhP2I3avbLegIIe6ET6y1aAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:40:19.650280Z"},"content_sha256":"9aad7a7aea3e20a1d2a9d88cf6bf333b07d8e474c2c1014e33a9d9d85b091d1b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9aad7a7aea3e20a1d2a9d88cf6bf333b07d8e474c2c1014e33a9d9d85b091d1b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZI4REP643UV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZI4REP643UV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZI4REP643UV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-09T06:40:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZI4REP643UV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZI4REP643UV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZI4REP643UV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZI4REP643UV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZI4REP643UV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"acc2e4b3cedd6b8d19ac7b5ee8612b490f195aeee6d12844356db59fd96beb70","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2024-11-06T22:48:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"df776d2198608dee0191282ad61484243332397fa79ee4c2db0a76863b5bead5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.04299","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.04299","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.04299v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.04299","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OXFF2TMTQZ7B","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OXFF2TMTQZ7BIVPZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OXFF2TMT","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9aad7a7aea3e20a1d2a9d88cf6bf333b07d8e474c2c1014e33a9d9d85b091d1b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.04299/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, especially Large Language Models (LLMs), have started gaining popularity among researchers and software developers for generating source code. However, LLMs have been shown to generate code with quality issues and also incurred copyright/licensing infringements. Therefore, detecting whether a piece of source code is written by humans or AI has become necessary. This study first presents an empirical analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the existing AI detection tools in detecting AI-generated code. The results show that they all perform poorly a","authors_text":"Adithya Bhattiprolu, Hyunjae Suh, Iftekhar Ahmed, Jiawei Li, Mahan Tafreshipour","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2024-11-06T22:48:18Z","title":"An Empirical Study on Automatically Detecting AI-Generated Source Code: How Far Are We?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.04299","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e159430c373adaf2555fc831720cc658e923b2f5392d9f7f7eeab4ab9f13c305","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"acc2e4b3cedd6b8d19ac7b5ee8612b490f195aeee6d12844356db59fd96beb70","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2024-11-06T22:48:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"df776d2198608dee0191282ad61484243332397fa79ee4c2db0a76863b5bead5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.04299","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"75ca5d4d93867e1455f9472247fb9ba54560c1a32eeee47d561fa3ac2fcd86c4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"75ca5d4d93867e1455f9472247fb9ba54560c1a32eeee47d561fa3ac2fcd86c4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17.023925Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17.023925Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wjzGzzdzCDXVz+vA0PFjtaLoA5TvnAFqCFxuLTvsdO+f2fAZvRX573FR/MqaJBJrrV0a3sWDEr1WFESOGYUDAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:32:17.024288Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.04299","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e159430c373adaf2555fc831720cc658e923b2f5392d9f7f7eeab4ab9f13c305","sha256:9aad7a7aea3e20a1d2a9d88cf6bf333b07d8e474c2c1014e33a9d9d85b091d1b"],"state_sha256":"e38c08d2c421b86babbe635a2bb8306a1fb7e8734a8277e9105add5f0ee08f89"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"en2S85yox6zkN7E3dHVPGvupt+/kfy0ElBT/dv5Cl9pB1P5mJFjgjNpFZFFpTWIuJ+jxOlbLIsLdMbXs/6raAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:40:19.653333Z","bundle_sha256":"e223e4d98b49ee5edcb751936fa8973f52ec90670989ac85f82bdd9304c9806c"}}