{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:OYA36WJ63XVEQW5GBPFXNB5A4P","short_pith_number":"pith:OYA36WJ6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.03131","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T17:59:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.AO","nlin.PS","physics.data-an"],"title_canon_sha256":"7302e735f4c4f334d7fa859d9bff5e00c0d2bd7e8c3b4ce0270640002b22e44c","abstract_canon_sha256":"e546bda37fea684e1d90f5a2b2ff906e492269719a8b29aa7f6aebdf1787a3f5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7601bf593eddea485ba60bcb7687a0e3d185e8bf7abacaaac1727578249d9379","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1605.03131","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.03131","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.03131v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.03131","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OYA36WJ63XVE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OYA36WJ63XVEQW5G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OYA36WJ6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:OYA36WJ63XVEQW5GBPFXNB5A4P","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.03131","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T17:59:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.AO","nlin.PS","physics.data-an"],"title_canon_sha256":"7302e735f4c4f334d7fa859d9bff5e00c0d2bd7e8c3b4ce0270640002b22e44c","abstract_canon_sha256":"e546bda37fea684e1d90f5a2b2ff906e492269719a8b29aa7f6aebdf1787a3f5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7601bf593eddea485ba60bcb7687a0e3d185e8bf7abacaaac1727578249d9379","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19.044481Z","signature_b64":"tntsqfc/3Z7/gDZxOhzETYnRX3bxOXtrQKR6SrMwNJ3yTVrtr8KXiGZ2wxLs7waOFXdqVJcGiyVor8wgOY2HDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7601bf593eddea485ba60bcb7687a0e3d185e8bf7abacaaac1727578249d9379","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19.043997Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19.043997Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1605.03131","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DkCkuWaK/dVHw5zTuwjXPpU7d/KIJpAKk0UroszHijHkmy1GJgdb/AVkAGsDXdicRaW7YK/vY7Mx6DbgQ7H0Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T03:28:24.186143Z"},"content_sha256":"a69c7cc3652bd82335dc63fe71c68f3491083c3f7bda7581b9962c8530ec5875","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a69c7cc3652bd82335dc63fe71c68f3491083c3f7bda7581b9962c8530ec5875"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:OYA36WJ63XVEQW5GBPFXNB5A4P","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Topological and geometric measurements of force chain structure","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["nlin.AO","nlin.PS","physics.data-an"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Chad Giusti, Danielle S. Bassett, Eli T. Owens, Karen E. Daniels, Lia Papadopoulos","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T17:59:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"Developing quantitative methods for characterizing structural properties of force chains in densely packed granular media is an important step toward understanding or predicting large-scale physical properties of a packing. A promising framework in which to develop such methods is network science, which can be used to translate particle locations and force contacts to a graph in which particles are represented by nodes and forces between particles are represented by weighted edges. Applying network-based community-detection techniques to extract force chains opens the door to developing statis"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.03131","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uIpMLikUa/09t+jKeJ3viUnAyw8E0o7Px+UC2/ogm+tLBGw0o75jch7kQ1JuYdSgpwM+LA/59dTrLVhlsQv3Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T03:28:24.186548Z"},"content_sha256":"66f638e40805c118eb1591810b59da12e39f7545085af1edac9fb505c0aa6a14","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:66f638e40805c118eb1591810b59da12e39f7545085af1edac9fb505c0aa6a14"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OYA36WJ63XVEQW5GBPFXNB5A4P/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OYA36WJ63XVEQW5GBPFXNB5A4P/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OYA36WJ63XVEQW5GBPFXNB5A4P/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T03:28:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OYA36WJ63XVEQW5GBPFXNB5A4P","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OYA36WJ63XVEQW5GBPFXNB5A4P/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OYA36WJ63XVEQW5GBPFXNB5A4P/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OYA36WJ63XVEQW5GBPFXNB5A4P/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:OYA36WJ63XVEQW5GBPFXNB5A4P","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e546bda37fea684e1d90f5a2b2ff906e492269719a8b29aa7f6aebdf1787a3f5","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.AO","nlin.PS","physics.data-an"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T17:59:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"7302e735f4c4f334d7fa859d9bff5e00c0d2bd7e8c3b4ce0270640002b22e44c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.03131","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.03131","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.03131v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.03131","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OYA36WJ63XVE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OYA36WJ63XVEQW5G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OYA36WJ6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:66f638e40805c118eb1591810b59da12e39f7545085af1edac9fb505c0aa6a14","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Developing quantitative methods for characterizing structural properties of force chains in densely packed granular media is an important step toward understanding or predicting large-scale physical properties of a packing. A promising framework in which to develop such methods is network science, which can be used to translate particle locations and force contacts to a graph in which particles are represented by nodes and forces between particles are represented by weighted edges. Applying network-based community-detection techniques to extract force chains opens the door to developing statis","authors_text":"Chad Giusti, Danielle S. Bassett, Eli T. Owens, Karen E. Daniels, Lia Papadopoulos","cross_cats":["nlin.AO","nlin.PS","physics.data-an"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T17:59:28Z","title":"Topological and geometric measurements of force chain structure"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.03131","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a69c7cc3652bd82335dc63fe71c68f3491083c3f7bda7581b9962c8530ec5875","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e546bda37fea684e1d90f5a2b2ff906e492269719a8b29aa7f6aebdf1787a3f5","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.AO","nlin.PS","physics.data-an"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T17:59:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"7302e735f4c4f334d7fa859d9bff5e00c0d2bd7e8c3b4ce0270640002b22e44c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.03131","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7601bf593eddea485ba60bcb7687a0e3d185e8bf7abacaaac1727578249d9379","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7601bf593eddea485ba60bcb7687a0e3d185e8bf7abacaaac1727578249d9379","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19.043997Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19.043997Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"tntsqfc/3Z7/gDZxOhzETYnRX3bxOXtrQKR6SrMwNJ3yTVrtr8KXiGZ2wxLs7waOFXdqVJcGiyVor8wgOY2HDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:03:19.044481Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1605.03131","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a69c7cc3652bd82335dc63fe71c68f3491083c3f7bda7581b9962c8530ec5875","sha256:66f638e40805c118eb1591810b59da12e39f7545085af1edac9fb505c0aa6a14"],"state_sha256":"81d3b301f3aa16c9db2b2c7a0596201916234c220d60974606b77ff8c2055feb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gOsB/5VqiNFloWBm9KnkeTQl8nH8rbJGrTLed0U5Apf+eYAVw9wfdB7sMGbDCYZLAQqDmagMqx3JtcbgA7QODQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T03:28:24.188503Z","bundle_sha256":"eacc6973739b8e716a1c5c1c42081bf85dd66e4555a3f8540ca9823b6dd33315"}}