{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:OZAPYYCYBLFETFUNQSUWPFK4SO","short_pith_number":"pith:OZAPYYCY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0911.1212","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-11-06T10:16:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"a4efb4d7e032cb289c0e3ca4249bb3283ddb045bb2c138ac530cb4dd5994f8af","abstract_canon_sha256":"125d7d045c57fa597e2ecae1daf5f92c7e372ac5a66c165be9386594ee1b58ba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7640fc60580aca49968d84a967955c93b311d1175fed4dd62b1422be86c58e56","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0911.1212","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0911.1212","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0911.1212v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0911.1212","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OZAPYYCYBLFE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OZAPYYCYBLFETFUN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OZAPYYCY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:OZAPYYCYBLFETFUNQSUWPFK4SO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0911.1212","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-11-06T10:16:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"a4efb4d7e032cb289c0e3ca4249bb3283ddb045bb2c138ac530cb4dd5994f8af","abstract_canon_sha256":"125d7d045c57fa597e2ecae1daf5f92c7e372ac5a66c165be9386594ee1b58ba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7640fc60580aca49968d84a967955c93b311d1175fed4dd62b1422be86c58e56","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11.773226Z","signature_b64":"vxB7VnU19tQrwGOX8eE1ytxIyQnRGP7xnESvcW+81tLbeT5Bhzenz18O9vqN1Noqyuo8kh9jhuuMQ3kJgeD6Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7640fc60580aca49968d84a967955c93b311d1175fed4dd62b1422be86c58e56","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11.772849Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11.772849Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0911.1212","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Je73EIiPaps0njbjO9LhkYUq32FKsZo60CMI8mYIqklFsc4MQMnyDqLwdkZbKMTX6yBDkGkL3DeRu69DxYQ0AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:20:02.164427Z"},"content_sha256":"108d6e6f29bf7dcf2ef27e793675f6200581fc5612311a342eea82960ceb2768","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:108d6e6f29bf7dcf2ef27e793675f6200581fc5612311a342eea82960ceb2768"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:OZAPYYCYBLFETFUNQSUWPFK4SO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Einstein's Theory of Gravity and the Problem of Missing Mass","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Glenn Starkmann (CWRU), Pedro G. Ferreira (Oxford)","submitted_at":"2009-11-06T10:16:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"The observed matter in the universe accounts for just 5 percent of the observed gravity. A possible explanation is that Newton's and Einstein's theories of gravity fail where gravity is either weak or enhanced. The modified theory of Newtonian dynamics (MOND) reproduces, without dark matter, spiral-galaxy orbital motions and the relation between luminosity and rotation in galaxies, although not in clusters. Recent extensions of Einstein's theory are theoretically more complete. They inevitably include dark fields that seed structure growth, and they may explain recent weak lensing data. Howeve"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0911.1212","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6HnXyYw5onVjnObf88UuhUmvowi9NoH3fkKgNwf0Aim149nl0AspWZoAEgR9bkB1D8B2pUe+tyaOkntAUrJiDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:20:02.164770Z"},"content_sha256":"d94d4eb0c92357b1de57c028bc2e6b4ea9607c28d0d30f04d9355e666879ef2b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d94d4eb0c92357b1de57c028bc2e6b4ea9607c28d0d30f04d9355e666879ef2b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OZAPYYCYBLFETFUNQSUWPFK4SO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OZAPYYCYBLFETFUNQSUWPFK4SO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OZAPYYCYBLFETFUNQSUWPFK4SO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T04:20:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OZAPYYCYBLFETFUNQSUWPFK4SO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OZAPYYCYBLFETFUNQSUWPFK4SO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OZAPYYCYBLFETFUNQSUWPFK4SO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OZAPYYCYBLFETFUNQSUWPFK4SO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:OZAPYYCYBLFETFUNQSUWPFK4SO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"125d7d045c57fa597e2ecae1daf5f92c7e372ac5a66c165be9386594ee1b58ba","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-11-06T10:16:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4efb4d7e032cb289c0e3ca4249bb3283ddb045bb2c138ac530cb4dd5994f8af"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0911.1212","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0911.1212","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0911.1212v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0911.1212","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OZAPYYCYBLFE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OZAPYYCYBLFETFUN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OZAPYYCY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d94d4eb0c92357b1de57c028bc2e6b4ea9607c28d0d30f04d9355e666879ef2b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The observed matter in the universe accounts for just 5 percent of the observed gravity. A possible explanation is that Newton's and Einstein's theories of gravity fail where gravity is either weak or enhanced. The modified theory of Newtonian dynamics (MOND) reproduces, without dark matter, spiral-galaxy orbital motions and the relation between luminosity and rotation in galaxies, although not in clusters. Recent extensions of Einstein's theory are theoretically more complete. They inevitably include dark fields that seed structure growth, and they may explain recent weak lensing data. Howeve","authors_text":"Glenn Starkmann (CWRU), Pedro G. Ferreira (Oxford)","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-11-06T10:16:10Z","title":"Einstein's Theory of Gravity and the Problem of Missing Mass"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0911.1212","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:108d6e6f29bf7dcf2ef27e793675f6200581fc5612311a342eea82960ceb2768","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"125d7d045c57fa597e2ecae1daf5f92c7e372ac5a66c165be9386594ee1b58ba","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-11-06T10:16:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4efb4d7e032cb289c0e3ca4249bb3283ddb045bb2c138ac530cb4dd5994f8af"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0911.1212","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7640fc60580aca49968d84a967955c93b311d1175fed4dd62b1422be86c58e56","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7640fc60580aca49968d84a967955c93b311d1175fed4dd62b1422be86c58e56","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11.772849Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11.772849Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vxB7VnU19tQrwGOX8eE1ytxIyQnRGP7xnESvcW+81tLbeT5Bhzenz18O9vqN1Noqyuo8kh9jhuuMQ3kJgeD6Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:11.773226Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0911.1212","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:108d6e6f29bf7dcf2ef27e793675f6200581fc5612311a342eea82960ceb2768","sha256:d94d4eb0c92357b1de57c028bc2e6b4ea9607c28d0d30f04d9355e666879ef2b"],"state_sha256":"02f469729e88fab3d0cbeeb63dd294fa91f4e713b760ece24131b47a79e7a788"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pb6tRU6Om0N97+5lX8HNkf+zjgn2XcWidZocj7N75LRnZGm7mn8xg2C/c5wLEjtpur0wTv4Y4VnJrHeruEyiAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:20:02.166622Z","bundle_sha256":"564003632c904996265edb93142cf3610bc39da2e2544d54d000d7beda1c0867"}}