{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:OZHDDVR45WKM46UDJE4QJRKU5N","short_pith_number":"pith:OZHDDVR4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.14282","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T02:32:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"ff878417dd45f1208838a3a44feb71668fbcd3ab67251f78f96080a37e77ad73","abstract_canon_sha256":"838613d2e45ea7504476c88a3d6687f6a374c9288b374a9770641f1f511dc65e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"764e31d63ced94ce7a83493904c554eb5935c2dfc723be1c9d39cf0349df437b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.14282","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.14282","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.14282v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.14282","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OZHDDVR45WKM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OZHDDVR45WKM46UD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OZHDDVR4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:OZHDDVR45WKM46UDJE4QJRKU5N","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.14282","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T02:32:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"ff878417dd45f1208838a3a44feb71668fbcd3ab67251f78f96080a37e77ad73","abstract_canon_sha256":"838613d2e45ea7504476c88a3d6687f6a374c9288b374a9770641f1f511dc65e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"764e31d63ced94ce7a83493904c554eb5935c2dfc723be1c9d39cf0349df437b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10.275785Z","signature_b64":"VXRgGCrMB05m66ux+X/YBKgR/S7T+vCo9OvJ+6DseLpVq/o21/Eeh9R8VlegG0HytMz8wl0NtSqRYqZpkrH1BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"764e31d63ced94ce7a83493904c554eb5935c2dfc723be1c9d39cf0349df437b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10.275115Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10.275115Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.14282","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xX3TbsdQptJoy6vhgZwVLjl1vNMZ/JyKbKgewbNe/hIwCUQEHUd/N9QE0Y5kkin8bRNKDw3ra9pXUxhOgfxXCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:10:57.556228Z"},"content_sha256":"73c2732b01b415074ed2541c8a240643159be9f4887e8663e49b6ab55a4ccb0e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:73c2732b01b415074ed2541c8a240643159be9f4887e8663e49b6ab55a4ccb0e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:OZHDDVR45WKM46UDJE4QJRKU5N","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Energy Management for Solar-Powered Electric-Bus Charging Station: A Data-Driven Method","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"A data-driven energy management system for solar-powered electric bus charging stations handles uncertainties in solar output, prices, and bus states using limited data.","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"primary_cat":"eess.SY","authors_text":"Gregory Kish, Pasan Gunawardena, Supun Amarathunga, Xiaoting Wang, Yunwei (Ryan) Li","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T02:32:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents a flexible energy management system (EMS) for an electric bus charging station (EBCS) that integrates renewable generation, energy storage, and electric bus (EB) charging while accounting for uncertainties in solar PV output, electricity prices, and EB arrival/departure state of charge. A data-driven polynomial chaos expansion surrogate is developed from a limited set of uncertainty samples, and a nonparametric inference method is used to enrich the input data when historical data is limited. Case studies on a solar-powered EBCS with 20 EBs demonstrate the effectiveness of "},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Case studies on a solar-powered EBCS with 20 EBs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed EMS and data-driven method.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The polynomial chaos expansion surrogate built from limited uncertainty samples, together with the nonparametric inference method, accurately represents the joint distribution of solar PV output, electricity prices, and EB arrival/departure states of charge.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A polynomial chaos expansion surrogate with nonparametric data enrichment enables effective energy management for solar-powered electric bus charging stations under multiple uncertainties.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A data-driven energy management system for solar-powered electric bus charging stations handles uncertainties in solar output, prices, and bus states using limited data.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"b08df982a64abad62b9b6844021876524012c55587a9f893d44f37d7490097cf"},"source":{"id":"2605.14282","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"3efe9282-0363-4251-a30f-e2ae1a850c69","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-15T02:44:37.354745Z","strongest_claim":"Case studies on a solar-powered EBCS with 20 EBs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed EMS and data-driven method.","one_line_summary":"A polynomial chaos expansion surrogate with nonparametric data enrichment enables effective energy management for solar-powered electric bus charging stations under multiple uncertainties.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The polynomial chaos expansion surrogate built from limited uncertainty samples, together with the nonparametric inference method, accurately represents the joint distribution of solar PV output, electricity prices, and EB arrival/departure states of charge.","pith_extraction_headline":"A data-driven energy management system for solar-powered electric bus charging stations handles uncertainties in solar output, prices, and bus states using limited data."},"references":{"count":18,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2022,"title":"Optimal control of s olar- powered electric bus networks with improved renewable ener gy on-site consumption and reduced grid dependence,","work_id":"8fc7c776-8968-4668-af7f-4c739abcc48e","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2024,"title":"Optimal ev c harging scheduling at electric railway stations under peak load con straints,","work_id":"846fb524-9e91-424e-95bc-fe6f87c4598d","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2021,"title":"A novel and cost- efficient energy management system for plug-in electric bus charging depot owners,","work_id":"1702ac1e-fa3c-4a60-8ee2-9832aeb60276","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2019,"title":"Electric bus fast ch arging station resource planning considering load aggregation an d renewable integration,","work_id":"d1e6b543-ce8d-455f-9425-54bcd57834a3","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2025,"title":"Elect ric bus fleet charging management: A robust optimisation framework addressing battery ageing, time-of-use tariffs, and energy consumpti on uncertainty,","work_id":"7189b70c-f1d0-42f7-83c8-06116eed7f41","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":18,"snapshot_sha256":"da7679b2282bb0f0597b27065f3579f5c1c1eafb00507d385e5590526019f8f7","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":"3efe9282-0363-4251-a30f-e2ae1a850c69"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"G+J6Rx/qyTnVUF1VCmqQMZLlKIm7qJjd+uw3GRwf3JsiqGCrv8xcBXGJjh3ZEV9kKGttOs6MJa2DvYbytd55DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:10:57.556921Z"},"content_sha256":"c28e2eafe9cfd2553f688e940cef602c9f29d6ea7cc643ac85fcab93bbcde007","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c28e2eafe9cfd2553f688e940cef602c9f29d6ea7cc643ac85fcab93bbcde007"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OZHDDVR45WKM46UDJE4QJRKU5N/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/OZHDDVR45WKM46UDJE4QJRKU5N/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OZHDDVR45WKM46UDJE4QJRKU5N/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T23:10:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/OZHDDVR45WKM46UDJE4QJRKU5N","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/OZHDDVR45WKM46UDJE4QJRKU5N/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/OZHDDVR45WKM46UDJE4QJRKU5N/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/OZHDDVR45WKM46UDJE4QJRKU5N/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:OZHDDVR45WKM46UDJE4QJRKU5N","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"838613d2e45ea7504476c88a3d6687f6a374c9288b374a9770641f1f511dc65e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T02:32:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"ff878417dd45f1208838a3a44feb71668fbcd3ab67251f78f96080a37e77ad73"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.14282","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.14282","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.14282v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.14282","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"OZHDDVR45WKM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"OZHDDVR45WKM46UD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"OZHDDVR4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c28e2eafe9cfd2553f688e940cef602c9f29d6ea7cc643ac85fcab93bbcde007","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C1","kind":"strongest_claim","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Case studies on a solar-powered EBCS with 20 EBs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed EMS and data-driven method."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"The polynomial chaos expansion surrogate built from limited uncertainty samples, together with the nonparametric inference method, accurately represents the joint distribution of solar PV output, electricity prices, and EB arrival/departure states of charge."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"A polynomial chaos expansion surrogate with nonparametric data enrichment enables effective energy management for solar-powered electric bus charging stations under multiple uncertainties."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"A data-driven energy management system for solar-powered electric bus charging stations handles uncertainties in solar output, prices, and bus states using limited data."}],"snapshot_sha256":"b08df982a64abad62b9b6844021876524012c55587a9f893d44f37d7490097cf"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents a flexible energy management system (EMS) for an electric bus charging station (EBCS) that integrates renewable generation, energy storage, and electric bus (EB) charging while accounting for uncertainties in solar PV output, electricity prices, and EB arrival/departure state of charge. A data-driven polynomial chaos expansion surrogate is developed from a limited set of uncertainty samples, and a nonparametric inference method is used to enrich the input data when historical data is limited. Case studies on a solar-powered EBCS with 20 EBs demonstrate the effectiveness of ","authors_text":"Gregory Kish, Pasan Gunawardena, Supun Amarathunga, Xiaoting Wang, Yunwei (Ryan) Li","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"headline":"A data-driven energy management system for solar-powered electric bus charging stations handles uncertainties in solar output, prices, and bus states using limited data.","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T02:32:04Z","title":"Energy Management for Solar-Powered Electric-Bus Charging Station: A Data-Driven Method"},"references":{"count":18,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":18,"sample":[{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":1,"title":"Optimal control of s olar- powered electric bus networks with improved renewable ener gy on-site consumption and reduced grid dependence,","work_id":"8fc7c776-8968-4668-af7f-4c739abcc48e","year":2022},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":2,"title":"Optimal ev c harging scheduling at electric railway stations under peak load con straints,","work_id":"846fb524-9e91-424e-95bc-fe6f87c4598d","year":2024},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":3,"title":"A novel and cost- efficient energy management system for plug-in electric bus charging depot owners,","work_id":"1702ac1e-fa3c-4a60-8ee2-9832aeb60276","year":2021},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":4,"title":"Electric bus fast ch arging station resource planning considering load aggregation an d renewable integration,","work_id":"d1e6b543-ce8d-455f-9425-54bcd57834a3","year":2019},{"cited_arxiv_id":"","doi":"","is_internal_anchor":false,"ref_index":5,"title":"Elect ric bus fleet charging management: A robust optimisation framework addressing battery ageing, time-of-use tariffs, and energy consumpti on uncertainty,","work_id":"7189b70c-f1d0-42f7-83c8-06116eed7f41","year":2025}],"snapshot_sha256":"da7679b2282bb0f0597b27065f3579f5c1c1eafb00507d385e5590526019f8f7"},"source":{"id":"2605.14282","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-15T02:44:37.354745Z","id":"3efe9282-0363-4251-a30f-e2ae1a850c69","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"A polynomial chaos expansion surrogate with nonparametric data enrichment enables effective energy management for solar-powered electric bus charging stations under multiple uncertainties.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"A data-driven energy management system for solar-powered electric bus charging stations handles uncertainties in solar output, prices, and bus states using limited data.","strongest_claim":"Case studies on a solar-powered EBCS with 20 EBs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed EMS and data-driven method.","weakest_assumption":"The polynomial chaos expansion surrogate built from limited uncertainty samples, together with the nonparametric inference method, accurately represents the joint distribution of solar PV output, electricity prices, and EB arrival/departure states of charge."}},"verdict_id":"3efe9282-0363-4251-a30f-e2ae1a850c69"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:73c2732b01b415074ed2541c8a240643159be9f4887e8663e49b6ab55a4ccb0e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"838613d2e45ea7504476c88a3d6687f6a374c9288b374a9770641f1f511dc65e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T02:32:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"ff878417dd45f1208838a3a44feb71668fbcd3ab67251f78f96080a37e77ad73"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.14282","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"764e31d63ced94ce7a83493904c554eb5935c2dfc723be1c9d39cf0349df437b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"764e31d63ced94ce7a83493904c554eb5935c2dfc723be1c9d39cf0349df437b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10.275115Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10.275115Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VXRgGCrMB05m66ux+X/YBKgR/S7T+vCo9OvJ+6DseLpVq/o21/Eeh9R8VlegG0HytMz8wl0NtSqRYqZpkrH1BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:39:10.275785Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.14282","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:73c2732b01b415074ed2541c8a240643159be9f4887e8663e49b6ab55a4ccb0e","sha256:c28e2eafe9cfd2553f688e940cef602c9f29d6ea7cc643ac85fcab93bbcde007"],"state_sha256":"544fddd37f8a3bba0c26a0ba459ec9818b435b5724b8103315654a0189edebef"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jiy6SEXFJaz8/brO5TQtF6QCfzBcQ1naOaQ6TLRpD1srbO89VburfoNAqJm4ZV+NpNzAFN+v+YSbgpjuaI3+Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T23:10:57.560354Z","bundle_sha256":"46c608602334410a14a358970dfa4459da3cd1dd68b250cdee0ff5fa4d960273"}}