{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UMZHFIJNNNHG","short_pith_number":"pith:P2TFLI7F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.12237","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T15:47:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.HC","cs.PF"],"title_canon_sha256":"2e8f7ca2a20aba45ddd9cb20e55093f91e4e512d6356c43e843498c9213b2e03","abstract_canon_sha256":"5b93cac2fdebbb9c166c0def7b7fd44ad2927f1e91851656f61a78311a4f11de"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7ea655a3e5c15955ea8cc9ca84b5ad39be37353aa008280586b6db32a6e0d840","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2402.12237","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.12237","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.12237v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.12237","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P2TFLI7FYFMV","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UM","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P2TFLI7F","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UMZHFIJNNNHG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2402.12237","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T15:47:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.HC","cs.PF"],"title_canon_sha256":"2e8f7ca2a20aba45ddd9cb20e55093f91e4e512d6356c43e843498c9213b2e03","abstract_canon_sha256":"5b93cac2fdebbb9c166c0def7b7fd44ad2927f1e91851656f61a78311a4f11de"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7ea655a3e5c15955ea8cc9ca84b5ad39be37353aa008280586b6db32a6e0d840","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53.073437Z","signature_b64":"SO8C9LE8wZoPyYELLbmqh8l9ArpOmdMRgf9G6q11gmVp8cmqt1V9j+eBTg8i+0XG1nuiaMJlQ/Nbjr00AlK8AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7ea655a3e5c15955ea8cc9ca84b5ad39be37353aa008280586b6db32a6e0d840","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53.072909Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53.072909Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2402.12237","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"68eGKECKNq8xMJtew5CK2aOKIng6f2VjaCV76JAPCdRueVzM088wmWaLqkCUWdUXWVHkUV7mbFr0bDAe1JG2CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T17:15:11.663806Z"},"content_sha256":"d191ecebae6140ce6c86f79f6efd546b3ae0f17f3cd7a97e3342dc2bea0b423d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d191ecebae6140ce6c86f79f6efd546b3ae0f17f3cd7a97e3342dc2bea0b423d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UMZHFIJNNNHG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Learning to Defer in Congested Systems: The AI-Human Interplay","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.HC","cs.PF"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Thodoris Lykouris, Wentao Weng","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T15:47:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"High-stakes applications rely on combining Artificial Intelligence (AI) and humans for responsive and reliable decision making. For example, content moderation in social media platforms often employs an AI-human pipeline to promptly remove policy violations without jeopardizing legitimate content. A typical heuristic estimates the risk of incoming content and uses fixed thresholds to decide whether to auto-delete the content (classification) and whether to send it for human review (admission). This approach can be inefficient as it disregards the uncertainty in AI's estimation, the time-varyin"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.12237","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2402.12237/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8KR3wU27HF96ffm/k6tlhpyKStUKr8D8IvSk19FW3QMU3JNSEP109tm3CWfr1SV/2kzyYHCQ4DMGbp0YQGYgBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T17:15:11.664358Z"},"content_sha256":"cc4281574ddd814cbc8c7d5a5c8e10c65e00f530fae6aceaa4ab7e04463d4595","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cc4281574ddd814cbc8c7d5a5c8e10c65e00f530fae6aceaa4ab7e04463d4595"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UMZHFIJNNNHG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UMZHFIJNNNHG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UMZHFIJNNNHG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T17:15:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UMZHFIJNNNHG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UMZHFIJNNNHG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UMZHFIJNNNHG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UMZHFIJNNNHG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UMZHFIJNNNHG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5b93cac2fdebbb9c166c0def7b7fd44ad2927f1e91851656f61a78311a4f11de","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.HC","cs.PF"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T15:47:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e8f7ca2a20aba45ddd9cb20e55093f91e4e512d6356c43e843498c9213b2e03"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.12237","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2402.12237","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2402.12237v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2402.12237","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P2TFLI7FYFMV","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P2TFLI7FYFMVL2UM","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P2TFLI7F","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cc4281574ddd814cbc8c7d5a5c8e10c65e00f530fae6aceaa4ab7e04463d4595","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2402.12237/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"High-stakes applications rely on combining Artificial Intelligence (AI) and humans for responsive and reliable decision making. For example, content moderation in social media platforms often employs an AI-human pipeline to promptly remove policy violations without jeopardizing legitimate content. A typical heuristic estimates the risk of incoming content and uses fixed thresholds to decide whether to auto-delete the content (classification) and whether to send it for human review (admission). This approach can be inefficient as it disregards the uncertainty in AI's estimation, the time-varyin","authors_text":"Thodoris Lykouris, Wentao Weng","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.HC","cs.PF"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T15:47:47Z","title":"Learning to Defer in Congested Systems: The AI-Human Interplay"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2402.12237","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d191ecebae6140ce6c86f79f6efd546b3ae0f17f3cd7a97e3342dc2bea0b423d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5b93cac2fdebbb9c166c0def7b7fd44ad2927f1e91851656f61a78311a4f11de","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.GT","cs.HC","cs.PF"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-02-19T15:47:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"2e8f7ca2a20aba45ddd9cb20e55093f91e4e512d6356c43e843498c9213b2e03"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2402.12237","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"7ea655a3e5c15955ea8cc9ca84b5ad39be37353aa008280586b6db32a6e0d840","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7ea655a3e5c15955ea8cc9ca84b5ad39be37353aa008280586b6db32a6e0d840","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53.072909Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53.072909Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"SO8C9LE8wZoPyYELLbmqh8l9ArpOmdMRgf9G6q11gmVp8cmqt1V9j+eBTg8i+0XG1nuiaMJlQ/Nbjr00AlK8AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:52:53.073437Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2402.12237","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d191ecebae6140ce6c86f79f6efd546b3ae0f17f3cd7a97e3342dc2bea0b423d","sha256:cc4281574ddd814cbc8c7d5a5c8e10c65e00f530fae6aceaa4ab7e04463d4595"],"state_sha256":"de6f73db4c048901d61f208befba13726bfefba6cf6d068473ce1c8e3d12688e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KRFkYCIqqsh5hJiWdS/VFFaVMNbvzqfkMAHO5ndRE1fKA/4iIVwjkLk03D5JBz5TtU5F3GOKKIvvOtxtMfPlCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T17:15:11.668968Z","bundle_sha256":"d4c131f6648107814e667a6edb347c7daa6bc8b823ffc353926aa07343ba35f0"}}