{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:P34GMWH7MFRXSSGHIKO2ZDLQDN","short_pith_number":"pith:P34GMWH7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1203.5378","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2012-03-24T02:19:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"8a7673e5247eafd0ab6d4108a4e3b09c2974f6039414ed0ac679f37c56fd69ca","abstract_canon_sha256":"f0275aa9715bbcd46c5c85061c7a19416f1b04d7a2d52b198d6096fd0b26317b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7ef86658ff61637948c7429dac8d701b454e27b0ddcd340ba99c7fc216cee892","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1203.5378","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1203.5378","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1203.5378v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1203.5378","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P34GMWH7MFRX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P34GMWH7MFRXSSGH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P34GMWH7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:P34GMWH7MFRXSSGHIKO2ZDLQDN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1203.5378","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2012-03-24T02:19:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"8a7673e5247eafd0ab6d4108a4e3b09c2974f6039414ed0ac679f37c56fd69ca","abstract_canon_sha256":"f0275aa9715bbcd46c5c85061c7a19416f1b04d7a2d52b198d6096fd0b26317b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7ef86658ff61637948c7429dac8d701b454e27b0ddcd340ba99c7fc216cee892","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15.205729Z","signature_b64":"tBTgR4uxb0GaDFgqD97pn4okre5/wtY2af/VNlsKu3zBHc/1geeqRv036T9AgoLKmEQbQV+r+cbSwhA4rouUBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7ef86658ff61637948c7429dac8d701b454e27b0ddcd340ba99c7fc216cee892","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15.205142Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15.205142Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1203.5378","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o5h8aNHXa1gsRx1YxE1ywR/l+5uz4mrOCiVCAwpdInpuNHBdzPKZaC9+noQmwqGyP8OLPUmFj3JygdBuLdaiCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T20:34:05.727836Z"},"content_sha256":"09ca39a142d93325a80615d938cbc07e171c52a6637b1f88faead1ab1ea025ce","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:09ca39a142d93325a80615d938cbc07e171c52a6637b1f88faead1ab1ea025ce"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:P34GMWH7MFRXSSGHIKO2ZDLQDN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Expurgated PPM Using Symmetric Balanced Incomplete Block Designs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.IT","physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Maite Brandt-Pearce, Mohammad Noshad","submitted_at":"2012-03-24T02:19:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this letter, we propose a new pulse position modulation (PPM) scheme, called expurgated PPM (EPPM), for application in peak power limited communication systems, such as impulse radio (IR) ultra wide band (UWB) systems and free space optical (FSO) communications. Using the proposed scheme, the constellation size and the bit-rate can be increased significantly in these systems. The symbols are obtained using symmetric balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD), forming a set of pair-wise equidistance symbols. The performance of Q-ary EPPM is better than any Q-ary pulse position-based modulation"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1203.5378","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ft5S296XzptQQpVoB/a8pJ4nSHpoDH4q+1nuvJfz75RllN0d7jt9c/apx3mIw7DmydJu9KS0AdOvqOsHATuqBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T20:34:05.728443Z"},"content_sha256":"fe197af0b48d2b9398ac693f44d160b00f18e44fb5e5ac9f2240d9d27b758e85","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fe197af0b48d2b9398ac693f44d160b00f18e44fb5e5ac9f2240d9d27b758e85"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P34GMWH7MFRXSSGHIKO2ZDLQDN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P34GMWH7MFRXSSGHIKO2ZDLQDN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P34GMWH7MFRXSSGHIKO2ZDLQDN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T20:34:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/P34GMWH7MFRXSSGHIKO2ZDLQDN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/P34GMWH7MFRXSSGHIKO2ZDLQDN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/P34GMWH7MFRXSSGHIKO2ZDLQDN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P34GMWH7MFRXSSGHIKO2ZDLQDN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:P34GMWH7MFRXSSGHIKO2ZDLQDN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f0275aa9715bbcd46c5c85061c7a19416f1b04d7a2d52b198d6096fd0b26317b","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2012-03-24T02:19:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"8a7673e5247eafd0ab6d4108a4e3b09c2974f6039414ed0ac679f37c56fd69ca"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1203.5378","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1203.5378","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1203.5378v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1203.5378","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P34GMWH7MFRX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P34GMWH7MFRXSSGH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P34GMWH7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fe197af0b48d2b9398ac693f44d160b00f18e44fb5e5ac9f2240d9d27b758e85","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this letter, we propose a new pulse position modulation (PPM) scheme, called expurgated PPM (EPPM), for application in peak power limited communication systems, such as impulse radio (IR) ultra wide band (UWB) systems and free space optical (FSO) communications. Using the proposed scheme, the constellation size and the bit-rate can be increased significantly in these systems. The symbols are obtained using symmetric balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD), forming a set of pair-wise equidistance symbols. The performance of Q-ary EPPM is better than any Q-ary pulse position-based modulation","authors_text":"Maite Brandt-Pearce, Mohammad Noshad","cross_cats":["math.IT","physics.optics"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2012-03-24T02:19:14Z","title":"Expurgated PPM Using Symmetric Balanced Incomplete Block Designs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1203.5378","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:09ca39a142d93325a80615d938cbc07e171c52a6637b1f88faead1ab1ea025ce","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f0275aa9715bbcd46c5c85061c7a19416f1b04d7a2d52b198d6096fd0b26317b","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2012-03-24T02:19:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"8a7673e5247eafd0ab6d4108a4e3b09c2974f6039414ed0ac679f37c56fd69ca"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1203.5378","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7ef86658ff61637948c7429dac8d701b454e27b0ddcd340ba99c7fc216cee892","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7ef86658ff61637948c7429dac8d701b454e27b0ddcd340ba99c7fc216cee892","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15.205142Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15.205142Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"tBTgR4uxb0GaDFgqD97pn4okre5/wtY2af/VNlsKu3zBHc/1geeqRv036T9AgoLKmEQbQV+r+cbSwhA4rouUBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:59:15.205729Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1203.5378","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:09ca39a142d93325a80615d938cbc07e171c52a6637b1f88faead1ab1ea025ce","sha256:fe197af0b48d2b9398ac693f44d160b00f18e44fb5e5ac9f2240d9d27b758e85"],"state_sha256":"ed16a918ec9b62ab8ac293993e705367854745b3331613efafe145b9d711a6e9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Fpy09gfSJ20BkP4XUsXFOearwjgF2EcUTYkOApozFD445N1cB+DCz4X+jNbPZqOF4epQkqK0clgwS8EXdDtSDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T20:34:05.731602Z","bundle_sha256":"ca2a6ddebd077db29bd80c6e602fe25e6826adc96d4d7ef0100129b08e3c8d8e"}}