{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ63E7SXHOQB","short_pith_number":"pith:P3DWX6ZV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.08240","kind":"arxiv","version":9},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.ST","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T19:05:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.PR","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"251406a2f6485f0e1939a86240d9f0fb444bc8910fb44bbeac009f72b11e5911","abstract_canon_sha256":"ebdba1dda247d855b3a388780b238f89e520ebbc704f4da9c43126365182fd4f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7ec76bfb35c623fb1039f6c9f95cee80432e01a24e824b1a838d012b31126bf7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1810.08240","version":9},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.08240","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.08240v9","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.08240","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P3DWX6ZVYYR7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P3DWX6ZV","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ63E7SXHOQB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.08240","kind":"arxiv","version":9},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.ST","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T19:05:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.PR","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"251406a2f6485f0e1939a86240d9f0fb444bc8910fb44bbeac009f72b11e5911","abstract_canon_sha256":"ebdba1dda247d855b3a388780b238f89e520ebbc704f4da9c43126365182fd4f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7ec76bfb35c623fb1039f6c9f95cee80432e01a24e824b1a838d012b31126bf7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28.761480Z","signature_b64":"Hu4YsFWflVBrtsmtY7lRASKQzhjoWHK8aEVj7XFLJMrbYjJkTgcpoxgCldOBPaG9rWPq9pggznYPn8Wz5kJ4CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7ec76bfb35c623fb1039f6c9f95cee80432e01a24e824b1a838d012b31126bf7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28.760999Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28.760999Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1810.08240","source_version":9,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A8ml4fvBP6rvr/RPj7zw7celWofnz0RBtVFZgSabB5hXzQaDTt6t0DXgKMDdXgo89usMUeS1yMlmEwKmgXnQDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T09:29:49.118984Z"},"content_sha256":"98c81e69c4df304d2bd4b71257385a099bd9bc36ea84c50d197a601610966870","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:98c81e69c4df304d2bd4b71257385a099bd9bc36ea84c50d197a601610966870"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ63E7SXHOQB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Time-uniform, nonparametric, nonasymptotic confidence sequences","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.PR","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"primary_cat":"math.ST","authors_text":"Aaditya Ramdas, Jasjeet Sekhon, Jon McAuliffe, Steven R. Howard","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T19:05:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"A confidence sequence is a sequence of confidence intervals that is uniformly valid over an unbounded time horizon. Our work develops confidence sequences whose widths go to zero, with nonasymptotic coverage guarantees under nonparametric conditions. We draw connections between the Cram\\'er-Chernoff method for exponential concentration, the law of the iterated logarithm (LIL), and the sequential probability ratio test -- our confidence sequences are time-uniform extensions of the first; provide tight, nonasymptotic characterizations of the second; and generalize the third to nonparametric sett"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.08240","kind":"arxiv","version":9},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1810.08240/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XFcuqUQf7+u+dC5K7bUVBFk+91EH69maU8BCBg/ZbN09x/2B48IOxJZjAaWMVVeBOA+h8BCZtmuUllJ9Py1UCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T09:29:49.119692Z"},"content_sha256":"11ee78cf494f443d4106e5638108f9a7ddd7535c5d5f7f580aa9dbbe8626810f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:11ee78cf494f443d4106e5638108f9a7ddd7535c5d5f7f580aa9dbbe8626810f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ63E7SXHOQB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ63E7SXHOQB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ63E7SXHOQB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T09:29:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ63E7SXHOQB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ63E7SXHOQB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ63E7SXHOQB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ63E7SXHOQB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ63E7SXHOQB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ebdba1dda247d855b3a388780b238f89e520ebbc704f4da9c43126365182fd4f","cross_cats_sorted":["math.PR","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.ST","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T19:05:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"251406a2f6485f0e1939a86240d9f0fb444bc8910fb44bbeac009f72b11e5911"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.08240","kind":"arxiv","version":9}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.08240","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.08240v9","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.08240","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P3DWX6ZVYYR7","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P3DWX6ZVYYR7WEBZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P3DWX6ZV","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:11ee78cf494f443d4106e5638108f9a7ddd7535c5d5f7f580aa9dbbe8626810f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1810.08240/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A confidence sequence is a sequence of confidence intervals that is uniformly valid over an unbounded time horizon. Our work develops confidence sequences whose widths go to zero, with nonasymptotic coverage guarantees under nonparametric conditions. We draw connections between the Cram\\'er-Chernoff method for exponential concentration, the law of the iterated logarithm (LIL), and the sequential probability ratio test -- our confidence sequences are time-uniform extensions of the first; provide tight, nonasymptotic characterizations of the second; and generalize the third to nonparametric sett","authors_text":"Aaditya Ramdas, Jasjeet Sekhon, Jon McAuliffe, Steven R. Howard","cross_cats":["math.PR","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.ST","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T19:05:00Z","title":"Time-uniform, nonparametric, nonasymptotic confidence sequences"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.08240","kind":"arxiv","version":9},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:98c81e69c4df304d2bd4b71257385a099bd9bc36ea84c50d197a601610966870","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ebdba1dda247d855b3a388780b238f89e520ebbc704f4da9c43126365182fd4f","cross_cats_sorted":["math.PR","stat.ME","stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.ST","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T19:05:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"251406a2f6485f0e1939a86240d9f0fb444bc8910fb44bbeac009f72b11e5911"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.08240","kind":"arxiv","version":9}},"canonical_sha256":"7ec76bfb35c623fb1039f6c9f95cee80432e01a24e824b1a838d012b31126bf7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7ec76bfb35c623fb1039f6c9f95cee80432e01a24e824b1a838d012b31126bf7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28.760999Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28.760999Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Hu4YsFWflVBrtsmtY7lRASKQzhjoWHK8aEVj7XFLJMrbYjJkTgcpoxgCldOBPaG9rWPq9pggznYPn8Wz5kJ4CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:46:28.761480Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1810.08240","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":9}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:98c81e69c4df304d2bd4b71257385a099bd9bc36ea84c50d197a601610966870","sha256:11ee78cf494f443d4106e5638108f9a7ddd7535c5d5f7f580aa9dbbe8626810f"],"state_sha256":"9edd4caeb357aa8b248731d27510263aec31f0889cec15f2b4f3c90eab7f712f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"COXRXX7BDdMN9o+R+f2ZHdRzgepVFFGv1jcM5A5b/jBvWFu7NbIVtYN8pIiOzHg5Ge3XkueOsdCkYVucfmxNBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T09:29:49.129145Z","bundle_sha256":"49d7254758f5d1212e9ded7bd71d639167f1ed51b70350b8137e24fc127d919e"}}