{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:P4247YSPAD5XVRPUKBVMVYIJAD","short_pith_number":"pith:P4247YSP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.06733","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-10-13T14:03:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"078d33b9ddc28ff6a4132799af76023cbfff5ea31bfa4a97de8e89bf6d8633e8","abstract_canon_sha256":"9ed35781c37bd0691c1990bb044708fa7f8fc49340829120e7fe900d6378f89a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7f35cfe24f00fb7ac5f4506acae10900fc709339652a3335df27a26d5796d99e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2110.06733","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.06733","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.06733v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.06733","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P4247YSPAD5X","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P4247YSPAD5XVRPU","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P4247YSP","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:P4247YSPAD5XVRPUKBVMVYIJAD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.06733","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-10-13T14:03:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"078d33b9ddc28ff6a4132799af76023cbfff5ea31bfa4a97de8e89bf6d8633e8","abstract_canon_sha256":"9ed35781c37bd0691c1990bb044708fa7f8fc49340829120e7fe900d6378f89a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7f35cfe24f00fb7ac5f4506acae10900fc709339652a3335df27a26d5796d99e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28.986838Z","signature_b64":"TMRJ6Ox4eWtbKriu+Y46k4HOTDynsjpcEF+vXAaZ6o+atw/cPvL9iPvGRk5Itt2ML8rDp52EsuMQ63MXMm/1Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7f35cfe24f00fb7ac5f4506acae10900fc709339652a3335df27a26d5796d99e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28.986455Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28.986455Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2110.06733","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jUv/iNFBeej1KGPI70DZEV17LUjjCUx0Pjdi2QHukOjHIZIvfi+ThFUJx4Oz0RlUFfN7pGYpuypF5/UJ8II2AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:32:04.443724Z"},"content_sha256":"85d29bc2514e272b47a9b22281bbd13be6f8bc2a78d44f8a30bdce2c7e9afb01","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:85d29bc2514e272b47a9b22281bbd13be6f8bc2a78d44f8a30bdce2c7e9afb01"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:P4247YSPAD5XVRPUKBVMVYIJAD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Systematic Inequalities in Language Technology Performance across the World's Languages","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Antonios Anastasopoulos, Dami\\'an Blasi, Graham Neubig","submitted_at":"2021-10-13T14:03:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Natural language processing (NLP) systems have become a central technology in communication, education, medicine, artificial intelligence, and many other domains of research and development. While the performance of NLP methods has grown enormously over the last decade, this progress has been restricted to a minuscule subset of the world's 6,500 languages. We introduce a framework for estimating the global utility of language technologies as revealed in a comprehensive snapshot of recent publications in NLP. Our analyses involve the field at large, but also more in-depth studies on both user-f"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.06733","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2110.06733/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pJrwU5CH0PEWCw72h4tw1bjfZ4ii0fY19BFMFZP5b2po5W1/YJlakxT7eD51pCS7LJWWAGZ16VZ7J+9kbWnVDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:32:04.444094Z"},"content_sha256":"b88868a4c51bf8b5d2dae7d02d490a8315ab1ddbabb58eb4bf202a2ff99a8d1e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b88868a4c51bf8b5d2dae7d02d490a8315ab1ddbabb58eb4bf202a2ff99a8d1e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P4247YSPAD5XVRPUKBVMVYIJAD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P4247YSPAD5XVRPUKBVMVYIJAD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P4247YSPAD5XVRPUKBVMVYIJAD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T18:32:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/P4247YSPAD5XVRPUKBVMVYIJAD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/P4247YSPAD5XVRPUKBVMVYIJAD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/P4247YSPAD5XVRPUKBVMVYIJAD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P4247YSPAD5XVRPUKBVMVYIJAD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:P4247YSPAD5XVRPUKBVMVYIJAD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9ed35781c37bd0691c1990bb044708fa7f8fc49340829120e7fe900d6378f89a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-10-13T14:03:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"078d33b9ddc28ff6a4132799af76023cbfff5ea31bfa4a97de8e89bf6d8633e8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.06733","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.06733","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.06733v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.06733","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P4247YSPAD5X","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P4247YSPAD5XVRPU","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P4247YSP","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b88868a4c51bf8b5d2dae7d02d490a8315ab1ddbabb58eb4bf202a2ff99a8d1e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2110.06733/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Natural language processing (NLP) systems have become a central technology in communication, education, medicine, artificial intelligence, and many other domains of research and development. While the performance of NLP methods has grown enormously over the last decade, this progress has been restricted to a minuscule subset of the world's 6,500 languages. We introduce a framework for estimating the global utility of language technologies as revealed in a comprehensive snapshot of recent publications in NLP. Our analyses involve the field at large, but also more in-depth studies on both user-f","authors_text":"Antonios Anastasopoulos, Dami\\'an Blasi, Graham Neubig","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-10-13T14:03:07Z","title":"Systematic Inequalities in Language Technology Performance across the World's Languages"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.06733","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:85d29bc2514e272b47a9b22281bbd13be6f8bc2a78d44f8a30bdce2c7e9afb01","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9ed35781c37bd0691c1990bb044708fa7f8fc49340829120e7fe900d6378f89a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-10-13T14:03:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"078d33b9ddc28ff6a4132799af76023cbfff5ea31bfa4a97de8e89bf6d8633e8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.06733","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7f35cfe24f00fb7ac5f4506acae10900fc709339652a3335df27a26d5796d99e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7f35cfe24f00fb7ac5f4506acae10900fc709339652a3335df27a26d5796d99e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28.986455Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28.986455Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TMRJ6Ox4eWtbKriu+Y46k4HOTDynsjpcEF+vXAaZ6o+atw/cPvL9iPvGRk5Itt2ML8rDp52EsuMQ63MXMm/1Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:22:28.986838Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2110.06733","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:85d29bc2514e272b47a9b22281bbd13be6f8bc2a78d44f8a30bdce2c7e9afb01","sha256:b88868a4c51bf8b5d2dae7d02d490a8315ab1ddbabb58eb4bf202a2ff99a8d1e"],"state_sha256":"370e2947bfe9d289daed17a0ee760bf9b1a2711b9e901c6f81bc2419849b2cc8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CZ49DC7o78lmAouBmwwvLVTp9OiirImv8IiypXxtq+2kl3+ZjZWdnnU/nxRY1SHRFH2rNPppfiEnMIpDyEIaAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T18:32:04.445981Z","bundle_sha256":"7e1b2bdb0efc9b5c186136401b2d500bd883ea5b742a4bc4fe311d94ae64b9b9"}}