{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNUXWNLL6XO55","short_pith_number":"pith:P4FTMBWW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1311.5793","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2013-11-22T16:03:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"8d7a2656a33b005fd23e02135f32383663e132faeaf98c47de93cbf8cb623896","abstract_canon_sha256":"213358793f4875bbac7664730c434278e1f540dbddf19d00a4c2e0819059941e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7f0b3606d6022f9619b4bd9ab5faeeef649600e22236806ee0ed09b940a5962a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1311.5793","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1311.5793","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1311.5793v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1311.5793","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P4FTMBWWAIXZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P4FTMBWW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNUXWNLL6XO55","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1311.5793","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2013-11-22T16:03:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"8d7a2656a33b005fd23e02135f32383663e132faeaf98c47de93cbf8cb623896","abstract_canon_sha256":"213358793f4875bbac7664730c434278e1f540dbddf19d00a4c2e0819059941e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7f0b3606d6022f9619b4bd9ab5faeeef649600e22236806ee0ed09b940a5962a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23.236213Z","signature_b64":"EKmcYv5GZNGvoCsJHW1ggbZXkQtMd/TuF5NWu6+YdOPzImxuivcbLHwaMR53XoSfjd/Cav3iKRiVDZGh24AtDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7f0b3606d6022f9619b4bd9ab5faeeef649600e22236806ee0ed09b940a5962a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23.235519Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23.235519Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1311.5793","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MqQ6kpwPLgUF5c9L0v4vc5tTb2Qpv4LqARShz92FizIeul3MnjwtlH1uhEDBhQPtMje1e+sQCMwMuqERPpEhBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:44:47.778925Z"},"content_sha256":"d821f16e595d17526a13f37ab6f3ec0d34a9dc8a3492830b35b2058334850e34","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d821f16e595d17526a13f37ab6f3ec0d34a9dc8a3492830b35b2058334850e34"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNUXWNLL6XO55","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Threshold for Laser-Driven Linear Particle Acceleration in Unbounded Vacuum","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","authors_text":"Franz X. K\\\"artner, Liang Jie Wong","submitted_at":"2013-11-22T16:03:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"We hypothesize that a charged particle in unbounded vacuum can be substantially accelerated by a force linear in the electric field of a propagating electromagnetic wave only if the accelerating field is capable of bringing the particle to a relativistic energy in its initial rest frame during the interaction. We consequently derive a general formula for the acceleration threshold of such schemes and support our conclusion with the results of numerical simulations over a broad range of parameters for different kinds of pulsed laser beams."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.5793","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+cejsOjI8SDMG1WgGqzbw0KfK+3KxKdrwH51Cl8mzquP4j6BWZS6X+4dTDXlYt6Ei830425dg6sLAqtqLEC/BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:44:47.779566Z"},"content_sha256":"0f54bc0d1284d73b5604becf02bee004092281bcf6faa35ed102b8cc410e5967","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0f54bc0d1284d73b5604becf02bee004092281bcf6faa35ed102b8cc410e5967"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNUXWNLL6XO55/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNUXWNLL6XO55/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNUXWNLL6XO55/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T21:44:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNUXWNLL6XO55","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNUXWNLL6XO55/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNUXWNLL6XO55/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNUXWNLL6XO55/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNUXWNLL6XO55","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"213358793f4875bbac7664730c434278e1f540dbddf19d00a4c2e0819059941e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2013-11-22T16:03:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d7a2656a33b005fd23e02135f32383663e132faeaf98c47de93cbf8cb623896"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1311.5793","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1311.5793","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1311.5793v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1311.5793","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P4FTMBWWAIXZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P4FTMBWWAIXZMGNU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P4FTMBWW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0f54bc0d1284d73b5604becf02bee004092281bcf6faa35ed102b8cc410e5967","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We hypothesize that a charged particle in unbounded vacuum can be substantially accelerated by a force linear in the electric field of a propagating electromagnetic wave only if the accelerating field is capable of bringing the particle to a relativistic energy in its initial rest frame during the interaction. We consequently derive a general formula for the acceleration threshold of such schemes and support our conclusion with the results of numerical simulations over a broad range of parameters for different kinds of pulsed laser beams.","authors_text":"Franz X. K\\\"artner, Liang Jie Wong","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2013-11-22T16:03:17Z","title":"A Threshold for Laser-Driven Linear Particle Acceleration in Unbounded Vacuum"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.5793","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d821f16e595d17526a13f37ab6f3ec0d34a9dc8a3492830b35b2058334850e34","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"213358793f4875bbac7664730c434278e1f540dbddf19d00a4c2e0819059941e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2013-11-22T16:03:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"8d7a2656a33b005fd23e02135f32383663e132faeaf98c47de93cbf8cb623896"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1311.5793","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7f0b3606d6022f9619b4bd9ab5faeeef649600e22236806ee0ed09b940a5962a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7f0b3606d6022f9619b4bd9ab5faeeef649600e22236806ee0ed09b940a5962a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23.235519Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23.235519Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EKmcYv5GZNGvoCsJHW1ggbZXkQtMd/TuF5NWu6+YdOPzImxuivcbLHwaMR53XoSfjd/Cav3iKRiVDZGh24AtDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:06:23.236213Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1311.5793","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d821f16e595d17526a13f37ab6f3ec0d34a9dc8a3492830b35b2058334850e34","sha256:0f54bc0d1284d73b5604becf02bee004092281bcf6faa35ed102b8cc410e5967"],"state_sha256":"cb8942638092f91f316684f47d39287a12422c3ae8e36fd1f42b96aee569f1a9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6vbdx1rG+762OlLQWySgM67rs8sl7Ejoscv5LvF4LzlqlbDZxNO4yNaDzLw09PFLhfobHtQBFTXyZPgaYqffBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:44:47.783030Z","bundle_sha256":"a4c4c74c230937c875b729fd4275d92d1e62f8cc9eebc9d7729baeee4e703757"}}