{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR4RI57XPTQX","short_pith_number":"pith:P5JXTJAZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1710.03812","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2017-10-10T20:34:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bea3164352bfbe5382e4dd71fb2246a63df83a57b4c41de50a1317a112a681b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"9435de2c825218e62ffbddcdcbb856eeb250cc7e07c958bd0ccd64c6797812cd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7f5379a419553c10e271e451dfddf385d5e17f163a1c9ae08e4771445172c95f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1710.03812","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1710.03812","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1710.03812v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1710.03812","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P5JXTJAZKU6B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P5JXTJAZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR4RI57XPTQX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1710.03812","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2017-10-10T20:34:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bea3164352bfbe5382e4dd71fb2246a63df83a57b4c41de50a1317a112a681b0","abstract_canon_sha256":"9435de2c825218e62ffbddcdcbb856eeb250cc7e07c958bd0ccd64c6797812cd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7f5379a419553c10e271e451dfddf385d5e17f163a1c9ae08e4771445172c95f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28.093879Z","signature_b64":"HtHafeGcwVfDiFEmHV4Ng7YKDyommRI0llME09cf+U1EmFWqV+LL2VaK1qdRKyFz3ErZJy8t/obw1zjTKDPRDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7f5379a419553c10e271e451dfddf385d5e17f163a1c9ae08e4771445172c95f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28.093364Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28.093364Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1710.03812","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WSqkzEl/GkpD9BOE+uMGVS/gvC9a+ax2Fem3grpXN9kLvda8aBKOhfypQs63G3qYXlgajAYmFsCzrBMYPMewBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T09:42:24.581748Z"},"content_sha256":"aa67c568114dae482c7771a591ff1ec7abc9ae4b59844da0c369c80604f2be21","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:aa67c568114dae482c7771a591ff1ec7abc9ae4b59844da0c369c80604f2be21"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR4RI57XPTQX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Solar ALMA observations: constraining the chromosphere above sunspots","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Kazumasa Iwai, Maria Loukitcheva, Masumi Shimojo, Sami K. Solanki, Stephen M. White","submitted_at":"2017-10-10T20:34:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present the first high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of a sunspot at wavelengths of 1.3 mm and 3 mm, obtained during the solar ALMA Science Verification campaign in 2015, and compare them with the predictions of semi-empirical sunspot umbral/penumbral atmosphere models. For the first time millimeter observations of sunspots have resolved umbral/penumbral brightness structure at the chromospheric heights, where the emission at these wavelengths is formed. We find that the sunspot umbra exhibits a radically different appearance at 1.3 mm and 3 mm,"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.03812","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jYUeVebx64foafD2J8hHelf8BL4Q8IknQQxGwDN7TqcrvmBXL3QmXuavHwBaauYzSFBWhtzFGxMIg6yGXZ6DBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T09:42:24.582453Z"},"content_sha256":"c76f9fff7f07be421dd989844dc3612c03020b0342584f2cbe718faeba6a4a73","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c76f9fff7f07be421dd989844dc3612c03020b0342584f2cbe718faeba6a4a73"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR4RI57XPTQX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR4RI57XPTQX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR4RI57XPTQX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T09:42:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR4RI57XPTQX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR4RI57XPTQX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR4RI57XPTQX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR4RI57XPTQX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR4RI57XPTQX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9435de2c825218e62ffbddcdcbb856eeb250cc7e07c958bd0ccd64c6797812cd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2017-10-10T20:34:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"bea3164352bfbe5382e4dd71fb2246a63df83a57b4c41de50a1317a112a681b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1710.03812","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1710.03812","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1710.03812v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1710.03812","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P5JXTJAZKU6B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P5JXTJAZKU6BBYTR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P5JXTJAZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c76f9fff7f07be421dd989844dc3612c03020b0342584f2cbe718faeba6a4a73","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present the first high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of a sunspot at wavelengths of 1.3 mm and 3 mm, obtained during the solar ALMA Science Verification campaign in 2015, and compare them with the predictions of semi-empirical sunspot umbral/penumbral atmosphere models. For the first time millimeter observations of sunspots have resolved umbral/penumbral brightness structure at the chromospheric heights, where the emission at these wavelengths is formed. We find that the sunspot umbra exhibits a radically different appearance at 1.3 mm and 3 mm,","authors_text":"Kazumasa Iwai, Maria Loukitcheva, Masumi Shimojo, Sami K. Solanki, Stephen M. White","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2017-10-10T20:34:43Z","title":"Solar ALMA observations: constraining the chromosphere above sunspots"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.03812","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:aa67c568114dae482c7771a591ff1ec7abc9ae4b59844da0c369c80604f2be21","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9435de2c825218e62ffbddcdcbb856eeb250cc7e07c958bd0ccd64c6797812cd","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2017-10-10T20:34:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"bea3164352bfbe5382e4dd71fb2246a63df83a57b4c41de50a1317a112a681b0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1710.03812","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"7f5379a419553c10e271e451dfddf385d5e17f163a1c9ae08e4771445172c95f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7f5379a419553c10e271e451dfddf385d5e17f163a1c9ae08e4771445172c95f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28.093364Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28.093364Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HtHafeGcwVfDiFEmHV4Ng7YKDyommRI0llME09cf+U1EmFWqV+LL2VaK1qdRKyFz3ErZJy8t/obw1zjTKDPRDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:29:28.093879Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1710.03812","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:aa67c568114dae482c7771a591ff1ec7abc9ae4b59844da0c369c80604f2be21","sha256:c76f9fff7f07be421dd989844dc3612c03020b0342584f2cbe718faeba6a4a73"],"state_sha256":"dc4e9e220b9e73775ba58593154aecaa8d06bbee4a9de6b5c18dee36a9a16c61"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rLGVonz7OOPe7+CCkZ6lgTbZOwx12vFeH080bMF3g4vlCrzHhVLFZRduMdnaOxGUNdxZIe5c/cU3+8URW/2hDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T09:42:24.586220Z","bundle_sha256":"dedd1142435b20c754bbf4c72372cdd1e257b4db8c61a78f36240d9e51a2a22c"}}