{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2017:P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK","short_pith_number":"pith:P6OE6A3V","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"7f9c4f0375e41418c5f9d8c085c7ad72bb71563f8733302cd94973f828011a52","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1704.04791","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Superradiant Instability and Backreaction of Massive Vector Fields around Kerr Black Holes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Frans Pretorius, William E. East","submitted_at":"2017-04-16T16:04:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the growth and saturation of the superradiant instability of a complex, massive vector (Proca) field as it extracts energy and angular momentum from a spinning black hole, using numerical solutions of the full Einstein-Proca equations. We concentrate on a rapidly spinning black hole ($a=0.99$) and the dominant $m=1$ azimuthal mode of the Proca field, with real and imaginary components of the field chosen to yield an axisymmetric stress-energy tensor and, hence, spacetime. We find that in excess of $9\\%$ of the black hole's mass can be transferred into the field. In all cases studied, "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1704.04791","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2017-04-16T16:04:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"ef2fbced775fd535ce0121d5676bd5dfec4a5df43bf382716e971ccd32451573","abstract_canon_sha256":"0cf61b24284fd63364429e56a17a9b9ec8edafb997c007af196cfe230f11177f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:46.353056Z","signature_b64":"K8n41vrPtf6sNFtoyU5jqpJ3zB4lnZlHRS5n9IHWSTEQiOZ+18DnYn8lBidb/jCbUK78+QPC0riFww9cYXiOCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7f9c4f0375e41418c5f9d8c085c7ad72bb71563f8733302cd94973f828011a52","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:46.352294Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:46.352294Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Superradiant Instability and Backreaction of Massive Vector Fields around Kerr Black Holes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Frans Pretorius, William E. East","submitted_at":"2017-04-16T16:04:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the growth and saturation of the superradiant instability of a complex, massive vector (Proca) field as it extracts energy and angular momentum from a spinning black hole, using numerical solutions of the full Einstein-Proca equations. We concentrate on a rapidly spinning black hole ($a=0.99$) and the dominant $m=1$ azimuthal mode of the Proca field, with real and imaginary components of the field chosen to yield an axisymmetric stress-energy tensor and, hence, spacetime. We find that in excess of $9\\%$ of the black hole's mass can be transferred into the field. In all cases studied, "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.04791","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1704.04791","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:46.352430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1704.04791v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:46.352430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1704.04791","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:46.352430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P6OE6A3V4QKB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37.085036+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37.085036+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P6OE6A3V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37.085036+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":6,"internal_anchor_count":6,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2505.20919","citing_title":"Scalarization and superradiant instability of black hole induced by dark matter halo in the scalar-tensor theory of gravity","ref_index":26,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2509.20450","citing_title":"Splitting the Gravitational Atom: Instabilities of Black Holes with Synchronized or Resonant Hair","ref_index":10,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2510.17967","citing_title":"Scalar fields around black hole binaries in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA","ref_index":56,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"1202.5809","citing_title":"Dynamical Boson Stars","ref_index":180,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"1501.06570","citing_title":"Superradiance -- the 2020 Edition","ref_index":122,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"1912.02622","citing_title":"Science Case for the Einstein Telescope","ref_index":183,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK","json":"https://pith.science/pith/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/P6OE6A3V"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/P6OE6A3V","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1704.04791&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/P6OE6A3V4QKBRRPZ3DAILR5NOK/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:46.352430+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:46.352430+00:00"}