{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:P6UNKCUQM7EGORGBBK5FSEF6BZ","short_pith_number":"pith:P6UNKCUQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.10828","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-10-20T23:55:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8f7ea1aa227571d5c02841a52a543d16b41f20361ae6c1b3484096ead9bbe661","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f53c173b89dd500c2b20a50c7df418707150b4468a4527138461441c8192e78"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7fa8d50a9067c86744c10aba5910be0e706e141fdd73ad3895c07179af354488","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2110.10828","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.10828","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.10828v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.10828","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P6UNKCUQM7EG","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P6UNKCUQM7EGORGB","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P6UNKCUQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:P6UNKCUQM7EGORGBBK5FSEF6BZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.10828","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-10-20T23:55:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8f7ea1aa227571d5c02841a52a543d16b41f20361ae6c1b3484096ead9bbe661","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f53c173b89dd500c2b20a50c7df418707150b4468a4527138461441c8192e78"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7fa8d50a9067c86744c10aba5910be0e706e141fdd73ad3895c07179af354488","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45.848020Z","signature_b64":"CM7mGqk65DCdOKq5+IED6HiMqp7Egj80E1/mtRxzf1s+bfOWSKzLfycZ9JUrXq2fd8nspRMIb4QW35rFor6MBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7fa8d50a9067c86744c10aba5910be0e706e141fdd73ad3895c07179af354488","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45.847605Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45.847605Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2110.10828","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LZUca9iBJdhsmbwFLDLKrxHeLX7H/bmD96J6/fj6CcByifDdcRy5wxJoGi37tnD+vooCTo+T6KCcaprdGZSsCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T03:15:19.494830Z"},"content_sha256":"70bdc68c7addad632156d6539badad27e8a0a736a7d7106cc618db6f817253f8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:70bdc68c7addad632156d6539badad27e8a0a736a7d7106cc618db6f817253f8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:P6UNKCUQM7EGORGBBK5FSEF6BZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"AdamD: Improved bias-correction in Adam","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"John St John","submitted_at":"2021-10-20T23:55:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"Here I present a small update to the bias-correction term in the Adam optimizer that has the advantage of making smaller gradient updates in the first several steps of training. With the default bias-correction, Adam may actually make larger than requested gradient updates early in training. By only including the well-justified bias-correction of the second moment gradient estimate, $v_t$, and excluding the bias-correction on the first-order estimate, $m_t$, we attain these more desirable gradient update properties in the first series of steps. The default implementation of Adam may be as sens"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.10828","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2110.10828/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Wmpqsos8Y2vrUK80Q8+YbhUokRhJ/iCoVtVxsLtljTlmsiGPTiVlIOJ0vkkHcMPFnESOj4v5+XYrTWc56FmcCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T03:15:19.495761Z"},"content_sha256":"bde7e67697c981d0cdab879ed84ecd800d89111c59e77d7b07cdcb36c2269111","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bde7e67697c981d0cdab879ed84ecd800d89111c59e77d7b07cdcb36c2269111"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P6UNKCUQM7EGORGBBK5FSEF6BZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P6UNKCUQM7EGORGBBK5FSEF6BZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P6UNKCUQM7EGORGBBK5FSEF6BZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T03:15:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/P6UNKCUQM7EGORGBBK5FSEF6BZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/P6UNKCUQM7EGORGBBK5FSEF6BZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/P6UNKCUQM7EGORGBBK5FSEF6BZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P6UNKCUQM7EGORGBBK5FSEF6BZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:P6UNKCUQM7EGORGBBK5FSEF6BZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f53c173b89dd500c2b20a50c7df418707150b4468a4527138461441c8192e78","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-10-20T23:55:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"8f7ea1aa227571d5c02841a52a543d16b41f20361ae6c1b3484096ead9bbe661"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.10828","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.10828","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.10828v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.10828","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P6UNKCUQM7EG","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P6UNKCUQM7EGORGB","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P6UNKCUQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bde7e67697c981d0cdab879ed84ecd800d89111c59e77d7b07cdcb36c2269111","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2110.10828/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Here I present a small update to the bias-correction term in the Adam optimizer that has the advantage of making smaller gradient updates in the first several steps of training. With the default bias-correction, Adam may actually make larger than requested gradient updates early in training. By only including the well-justified bias-correction of the second moment gradient estimate, $v_t$, and excluding the bias-correction on the first-order estimate, $m_t$, we attain these more desirable gradient update properties in the first series of steps. The default implementation of Adam may be as sens","authors_text":"John St John","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-10-20T23:55:23Z","title":"AdamD: Improved bias-correction in Adam"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.10828","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:70bdc68c7addad632156d6539badad27e8a0a736a7d7106cc618db6f817253f8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f53c173b89dd500c2b20a50c7df418707150b4468a4527138461441c8192e78","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-10-20T23:55:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"8f7ea1aa227571d5c02841a52a543d16b41f20361ae6c1b3484096ead9bbe661"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.10828","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"7fa8d50a9067c86744c10aba5910be0e706e141fdd73ad3895c07179af354488","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7fa8d50a9067c86744c10aba5910be0e706e141fdd73ad3895c07179af354488","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45.847605Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45.847605Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"CM7mGqk65DCdOKq5+IED6HiMqp7Egj80E1/mtRxzf1s+bfOWSKzLfycZ9JUrXq2fd8nspRMIb4QW35rFor6MBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:24:45.848020Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2110.10828","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:70bdc68c7addad632156d6539badad27e8a0a736a7d7106cc618db6f817253f8","sha256:bde7e67697c981d0cdab879ed84ecd800d89111c59e77d7b07cdcb36c2269111"],"state_sha256":"79b95f2518f6436beb5550733fe377b5a003b7f1f6d0087e260322dd2cd09525"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8v1EdKyzsTpXE5+roPDnGJEWOlhB0qpEau3DB7yugHxROrid8gCWIn/09fYVm7DDf0jSydOyqep8+4rFYN6JAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T03:15:19.502043Z","bundle_sha256":"07c0b21e285db639b8523c96ef81304f3a5adf1bd9d01e142c46e2043519dd8a"}}