{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLOMQGNUY67KW","short_pith_number":"pith:P7G4YW2I","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2112.06888","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-12-13T18:45:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"57eb44842842e237654512e50190e105b98550c30c1b8c78feecf9a8f8b0656b","abstract_canon_sha256":"7b813b089d41ec389794a2674cc5b5605c58ebbf4170e44a8b18861fe9db93c8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7fcdcc5b483542929d6e640cda63df55b01b44a082d57e5f95407e90dfee4fbb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2112.06888","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2112.06888","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2112.06888v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2112.06888","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P7G4YW2IGVBJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLO","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P7G4YW2I","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLOMQGNUY67KW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2112.06888","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-12-13T18:45:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"57eb44842842e237654512e50190e105b98550c30c1b8c78feecf9a8f8b0656b","abstract_canon_sha256":"7b813b089d41ec389794a2674cc5b5605c58ebbf4170e44a8b18861fe9db93c8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7fcdcc5b483542929d6e640cda63df55b01b44a082d57e5f95407e90dfee4fbb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46.588857Z","signature_b64":"sAW5eliNXCJKiYUxjSRAYpTU3I1Q9sH6RHwr1e1kehDJ89oEpcGKv8uUQAmiQFYGHMbe9Ewuzwib6VKNQaOlDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7fcdcc5b483542929d6e640cda63df55b01b44a082d57e5f95407e90dfee4fbb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46.588384Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46.588384Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2112.06888","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GANIPUS7H41jhumS2tti1lDATp0Hqg9WXp+LwZwF5LVlbPl100t3AVQWul+pxveEEjoPLrW+eSY4/RizFIuUAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T03:46:40.729860Z"},"content_sha256":"629b84288995da38b88fbd8f8af827271a7578d4a1a2f90d58ef0b62da6b573b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:629b84288995da38b88fbd8f8af827271a7578d4a1a2f90d58ef0b62da6b573b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLOMQGNUY67KW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Improving and Diagnosing Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering via Entity Enhanced Knowledge Injection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Diego Garcia-Olano, Joydeep Ghosh, Yasumasa Onoe","submitted_at":"2021-12-13T18:45:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering (KBVQA) is a bi-modal task requiring external world knowledge in order to correctly answer a text question and associated image. Recent single modality text work has shown knowledge injection into pre-trained language models, specifically entity enhanced knowledge graph embeddings, can improve performance on downstream entity-centric tasks. In this work, we empirically study how and whether such methods, applied in a bi-modal setting, can improve an existing VQA system's performance on the KBVQA task. We experiment with two large publicly available VQA"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2112.06888","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2112.06888/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eUAeDDqed3QJE9xF+7J5H/rvd27G34TwPMA2crMA8c3GdAJuu3mvbaKC+ljMddnIAp1B6fhs715YmziH3VcjBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T03:46:40.730393Z"},"content_sha256":"c8d86756aacf6d54657f78b5af08a0edb4f6101e83eb4e97c6c027041d9a8745","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c8d86756aacf6d54657f78b5af08a0edb4f6101e83eb4e97c6c027041d9a8745"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLOMQGNUY67KW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLOMQGNUY67KW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLOMQGNUY67KW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T03:46:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLOMQGNUY67KW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLOMQGNUY67KW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLOMQGNUY67KW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLOMQGNUY67KW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLOMQGNUY67KW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7b813b089d41ec389794a2674cc5b5605c58ebbf4170e44a8b18861fe9db93c8","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-12-13T18:45:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"57eb44842842e237654512e50190e105b98550c30c1b8c78feecf9a8f8b0656b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2112.06888","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2112.06888","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2112.06888v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2112.06888","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"P7G4YW2IGVBJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"P7G4YW2IGVBJFHLO","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"P7G4YW2I","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c8d86756aacf6d54657f78b5af08a0edb4f6101e83eb4e97c6c027041d9a8745","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2112.06888/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering (KBVQA) is a bi-modal task requiring external world knowledge in order to correctly answer a text question and associated image. Recent single modality text work has shown knowledge injection into pre-trained language models, specifically entity enhanced knowledge graph embeddings, can improve performance on downstream entity-centric tasks. In this work, we empirically study how and whether such methods, applied in a bi-modal setting, can improve an existing VQA system's performance on the KBVQA task. We experiment with two large publicly available VQA","authors_text":"Diego Garcia-Olano, Joydeep Ghosh, Yasumasa Onoe","cross_cats":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-12-13T18:45:42Z","title":"Improving and Diagnosing Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering via Entity Enhanced Knowledge Injection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2112.06888","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:629b84288995da38b88fbd8f8af827271a7578d4a1a2f90d58ef0b62da6b573b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7b813b089d41ec389794a2674cc5b5605c58ebbf4170e44a8b18861fe9db93c8","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-12-13T18:45:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"57eb44842842e237654512e50190e105b98550c30c1b8c78feecf9a8f8b0656b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2112.06888","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7fcdcc5b483542929d6e640cda63df55b01b44a082d57e5f95407e90dfee4fbb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7fcdcc5b483542929d6e640cda63df55b01b44a082d57e5f95407e90dfee4fbb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46.588384Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46.588384Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sAW5eliNXCJKiYUxjSRAYpTU3I1Q9sH6RHwr1e1kehDJ89oEpcGKv8uUQAmiQFYGHMbe9Ewuzwib6VKNQaOlDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:26:46.588857Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2112.06888","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:629b84288995da38b88fbd8f8af827271a7578d4a1a2f90d58ef0b62da6b573b","sha256:c8d86756aacf6d54657f78b5af08a0edb4f6101e83eb4e97c6c027041d9a8745"],"state_sha256":"7a014853e1cbdd0a57061ffdd2015952008344507c4d965876a1ec5dffbcb748"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gw30VH4WM/UAui4AbonRsXLWd0gxrpukw2+Ri5CENvlLm8/Lc8Mgus2DMAWLLmi1Nngw+yJJ+c23yQ6OhxjLAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T03:46:40.734019Z","bundle_sha256":"ee94867fa572c3c2e518a65e5bce0f12213d5e008699f0a697734ecb184dc97a"}}