{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NBEYN2OKMU2Z","short_pith_number":"pith:PA7RDHJR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2009.01713","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2020-09-03T14:44:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8edd1a3ab23cd5874fe7329acca1cda56938e8eac8f96093ebc34fd225410d19","abstract_canon_sha256":"5df377b6f822179b9640b841628e46db98e5e0841c50d189b4ceb06c839f2057"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"783f119d31888e3c71a1261ba72994d66a5585e4eb318dd0ad2dda7df60d3fd2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2009.01713","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2009.01713","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2009.01713v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2009.01713","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PA7RDHJRRCHD","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NB","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PA7RDHJR","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NBEYN2OKMU2Z","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2009.01713","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2020-09-03T14:44:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8edd1a3ab23cd5874fe7329acca1cda56938e8eac8f96093ebc34fd225410d19","abstract_canon_sha256":"5df377b6f822179b9640b841628e46db98e5e0841c50d189b4ceb06c839f2057"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"783f119d31888e3c71a1261ba72994d66a5585e4eb318dd0ad2dda7df60d3fd2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52.649429Z","signature_b64":"f2bSWMoh1UCDtUwcSoWV/vq2U3Wi9ftpiusDKjhG8bTo6Zuiu0SMffcpTvZ49ingcKfh/roye2Z6cvNy48NiCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"783f119d31888e3c71a1261ba72994d66a5585e4eb318dd0ad2dda7df60d3fd2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52.649082Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52.649082Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2009.01713","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"M9e90WN1DWJwxbHsG4yCmoIEVYqcq8Ms/tssu3/m6lkLcJSqEm3cMyZp9+CBtb8M/dfjJM8fy1wepb2bVwZ1Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:13:54.427802Z"},"content_sha256":"a01057ac514ed8a5ac28be9b59f936adb66fbe39a240f2c34a56c89ac1fa01c2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a01057ac514ed8a5ac28be9b59f936adb66fbe39a240f2c34a56c89ac1fa01c2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NBEYN2OKMU2Z","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Unique Exams: Designing assessments for integrity and fairness","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Gili Rusak, Lisa Yan","submitted_at":"2020-09-03T14:44:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Educators have faced new challenges in effective course assessment during the recent, unprecedented shift to remote online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. In place of typical proctored, timed exams, instructors must now rethink their methodology for assessing course-level learning goals. Are exams appropriate---or even feasible---in this new online, open-internet learning environment? In this experience paper, we discuss the unique exams framework: our framework for upholding exam integrity and student privacy. In our Probability for Computer Scientists Course at an R1 University, we de"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2009.01713","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2009.01713/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k0R6Ekac7We+hze1eMTR54ItlFL8R7CZRAdE0xb4CnyTTm2JMvw0i//Jky9slm4UNu4OSh09MKZOA8sMRJjqBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:13:54.428301Z"},"content_sha256":"fa536e20da8f3e3b1bbb7372a9b21d15bb6f2bb124a49c5c198ee1f76c6b87a6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fa536e20da8f3e3b1bbb7372a9b21d15bb6f2bb124a49c5c198ee1f76c6b87a6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NBEYN2OKMU2Z/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NBEYN2OKMU2Z/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NBEYN2OKMU2Z/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T09:13:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NBEYN2OKMU2Z","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NBEYN2OKMU2Z/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NBEYN2OKMU2Z/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NBEYN2OKMU2Z/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NBEYN2OKMU2Z","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5df377b6f822179b9640b841628e46db98e5e0841c50d189b4ceb06c839f2057","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2020-09-03T14:44:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"8edd1a3ab23cd5874fe7329acca1cda56938e8eac8f96093ebc34fd225410d19"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2009.01713","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2009.01713","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2009.01713v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2009.01713","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PA7RDHJRRCHD","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PA7RDHJRRCHDY4NB","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PA7RDHJR","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fa536e20da8f3e3b1bbb7372a9b21d15bb6f2bb124a49c5c198ee1f76c6b87a6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2009.01713/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Educators have faced new challenges in effective course assessment during the recent, unprecedented shift to remote online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. In place of typical proctored, timed exams, instructors must now rethink their methodology for assessing course-level learning goals. Are exams appropriate---or even feasible---in this new online, open-internet learning environment? In this experience paper, we discuss the unique exams framework: our framework for upholding exam integrity and student privacy. In our Probability for Computer Scientists Course at an R1 University, we de","authors_text":"Gili Rusak, Lisa Yan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2020-09-03T14:44:00Z","title":"Unique Exams: Designing assessments for integrity and fairness"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2009.01713","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a01057ac514ed8a5ac28be9b59f936adb66fbe39a240f2c34a56c89ac1fa01c2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5df377b6f822179b9640b841628e46db98e5e0841c50d189b4ceb06c839f2057","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2020-09-03T14:44:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"8edd1a3ab23cd5874fe7329acca1cda56938e8eac8f96093ebc34fd225410d19"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2009.01713","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"783f119d31888e3c71a1261ba72994d66a5585e4eb318dd0ad2dda7df60d3fd2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"783f119d31888e3c71a1261ba72994d66a5585e4eb318dd0ad2dda7df60d3fd2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52.649082Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52.649082Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"f2bSWMoh1UCDtUwcSoWV/vq2U3Wi9ftpiusDKjhG8bTo6Zuiu0SMffcpTvZ49ingcKfh/roye2Z6cvNy48NiCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:32:52.649429Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2009.01713","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a01057ac514ed8a5ac28be9b59f936adb66fbe39a240f2c34a56c89ac1fa01c2","sha256:fa536e20da8f3e3b1bbb7372a9b21d15bb6f2bb124a49c5c198ee1f76c6b87a6"],"state_sha256":"c837a984d2141295d22b7146416f83494cd99f1acac4fac46e9829c4e1810e73"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5oYu++pVjfUFNznI+PB/fjmAasQJ+8iXBerhakJGXTYApcQQKNJMDEP0dnTNXHS38uOFtW9hTFtoJPrLFY1tBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:13:54.431963Z","bundle_sha256":"9bfd12431ace08829e25afec74d93eab79e6525965dff4254def6f13ebb79ed5"}}