{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:PC63EYGCD7S6I6PFYFZ55GTNED","short_pith_number":"pith:PC63EYGC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1210.1140","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-10-03T15:12:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b5e94bb41b7516dfc974550ec747a915171ddfbe4da83bfe0c5712a89caa61d6","abstract_canon_sha256":"9ed7f5cbaa29f09aa975752b6c2d950619094e048c7b7aa3966f57afd3b01ec8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"78bdb260c21fe5e479e5c173de9a6d20c621735b04259c4e1e98b2d767671ff4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1210.1140","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1210.1140","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1210.1140v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1210.1140","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PC63EYGCD7S6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PC63EYGCD7S6I6PF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PC63EYGC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:PC63EYGCD7S6I6PFYFZ55GTNED","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1210.1140","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-10-03T15:12:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b5e94bb41b7516dfc974550ec747a915171ddfbe4da83bfe0c5712a89caa61d6","abstract_canon_sha256":"9ed7f5cbaa29f09aa975752b6c2d950619094e048c7b7aa3966f57afd3b01ec8"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"78bdb260c21fe5e479e5c173de9a6d20c621735b04259c4e1e98b2d767671ff4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13.661435Z","signature_b64":"WvBvgdKcLmrZSPQFi3UdHPEun/uGW8D2MHUde8Hm/0dsozERET69jcUTmb6Y/5R23RfaYj5rfDQhSB+vPXRTAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"78bdb260c21fe5e479e5c173de9a6d20c621735b04259c4e1e98b2d767671ff4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13.660669Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13.660669Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1210.1140","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qbn1D/N/rGdXKbItjzW8d6AnxtewYBL9xaoKzNrKw28c6Y1pofdFC62qFVHL9/m8lh8S/OAfdP9LsfLwTbrDDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T23:34:35.171550Z"},"content_sha256":"b54a317914550a19775fd0bfec42dc662890a2667002f56198b18153fbd0220d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b54a317914550a19775fd0bfec42dc662890a2667002f56198b18153fbd0220d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:PC63EYGCD7S6I6PFYFZ55GTNED","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Evolution of isolated overdensities as a control on cosmological N body simulations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Francesco Sylos Labini, Michael Joyce","submitted_at":"2012-10-03T15:12:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"Beyond convergence studies and comparison of different codes, there are essentially no controls on the accuracy in the non-linear regime of cosmological N body simulations, even in the dissipationless limit. We propose and explore here a simple test which has not been previously employed: when cosmological codes are used to simulate an isolated overdensity, they should reproduce, in physical coordinates, those obtained in open boundary conditions without expansion. In particular, the desired collisionless nature of the simulations can be probed by testing for stability in physical coordinates "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1210.1140","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wOvYRzkrCbhovZxD7bOQiWtVn8k+Afi5zjSWANbbWzQ0axIEN1ycYwShuhw33tP7ZpHhlUB9J0rqROW5wqYpAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T23:34:35.172252Z"},"content_sha256":"ba6b0bd527ffe0fb5a2bb381a101ec768b5ad4ba7fa8df84a0d9a962fd5b4a8a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ba6b0bd527ffe0fb5a2bb381a101ec768b5ad4ba7fa8df84a0d9a962fd5b4a8a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PC63EYGCD7S6I6PFYFZ55GTNED/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PC63EYGCD7S6I6PFYFZ55GTNED/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PC63EYGCD7S6I6PFYFZ55GTNED/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T23:34:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PC63EYGCD7S6I6PFYFZ55GTNED","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PC63EYGCD7S6I6PFYFZ55GTNED/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PC63EYGCD7S6I6PFYFZ55GTNED/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PC63EYGCD7S6I6PFYFZ55GTNED/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:PC63EYGCD7S6I6PFYFZ55GTNED","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9ed7f5cbaa29f09aa975752b6c2d950619094e048c7b7aa3966f57afd3b01ec8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-10-03T15:12:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"b5e94bb41b7516dfc974550ec747a915171ddfbe4da83bfe0c5712a89caa61d6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1210.1140","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1210.1140","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1210.1140v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1210.1140","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PC63EYGCD7S6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PC63EYGCD7S6I6PF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PC63EYGC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ba6b0bd527ffe0fb5a2bb381a101ec768b5ad4ba7fa8df84a0d9a962fd5b4a8a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Beyond convergence studies and comparison of different codes, there are essentially no controls on the accuracy in the non-linear regime of cosmological N body simulations, even in the dissipationless limit. We propose and explore here a simple test which has not been previously employed: when cosmological codes are used to simulate an isolated overdensity, they should reproduce, in physical coordinates, those obtained in open boundary conditions without expansion. In particular, the desired collisionless nature of the simulations can be probed by testing for stability in physical coordinates ","authors_text":"Francesco Sylos Labini, Michael Joyce","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-10-03T15:12:44Z","title":"Evolution of isolated overdensities as a control on cosmological N body simulations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1210.1140","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b54a317914550a19775fd0bfec42dc662890a2667002f56198b18153fbd0220d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9ed7f5cbaa29f09aa975752b6c2d950619094e048c7b7aa3966f57afd3b01ec8","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2012-10-03T15:12:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"b5e94bb41b7516dfc974550ec747a915171ddfbe4da83bfe0c5712a89caa61d6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1210.1140","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"78bdb260c21fe5e479e5c173de9a6d20c621735b04259c4e1e98b2d767671ff4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"78bdb260c21fe5e479e5c173de9a6d20c621735b04259c4e1e98b2d767671ff4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13.660669Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13.660669Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WvBvgdKcLmrZSPQFi3UdHPEun/uGW8D2MHUde8Hm/0dsozERET69jcUTmb6Y/5R23RfaYj5rfDQhSB+vPXRTAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:35:13.661435Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1210.1140","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b54a317914550a19775fd0bfec42dc662890a2667002f56198b18153fbd0220d","sha256:ba6b0bd527ffe0fb5a2bb381a101ec768b5ad4ba7fa8df84a0d9a962fd5b4a8a"],"state_sha256":"6a7df9573756e0ac2d7119627fb9b1af0defb18233a269398972c9d8622fdc89"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sPB4ruHtK144fovUfRRT94WShE2nMdehc5S2uBLcV89j6MF9mY0HL6lPWUIIs5NIk3gMSCINRKxTOdGGiqnPBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T23:34:35.175998Z","bundle_sha256":"2676113f5acd9fe43291f16ba002bf3f735167cb8e38b3120519cf006ec2594e"}}