{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQXJG45FZT55","short_pith_number":"pith:PD2SXI22","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2006.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2020-06-11T23:58:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"afa119e7cc319546d972e009067086eedb65789ddadb1b9ede8b7ceddee06f15","abstract_canon_sha256":"b8de40000d1fc04aa1ad1227517ffb149132d978463ab8da1f9314f84a496e78"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"78f52ba35a0e7ef32290ba4dce9733ef713c7e1a984d2d2bb67ca0776173b70e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2006.06880","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2006.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2006.06880v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2006.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PD2SXI22BZ7P","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PD2SXI22","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQXJG45FZT55","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2006.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2020-06-11T23:58:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"afa119e7cc319546d972e009067086eedb65789ddadb1b9ede8b7ceddee06f15","abstract_canon_sha256":"b8de40000d1fc04aa1ad1227517ffb149132d978463ab8da1f9314f84a496e78"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"78f52ba35a0e7ef32290ba4dce9733ef713c7e1a984d2d2bb67ca0776173b70e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36.630932Z","signature_b64":"M82l+AVfhPJchZBOsxRcQzXTVceEOxgDfuOHYItZYU3jx8nqk9BPF9h4hFtWanYL2IXyrgBGro/7jOom1kYcDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"78f52ba35a0e7ef32290ba4dce9733ef713c7e1a984d2d2bb67ca0776173b70e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36.630570Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36.630570Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2006.06880","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k0IDCF2lzpoLP+Ibs118eCFaJlXV/sO7jLj48iX8LT2dKI23eFvWRYewMbn1JUBvtswTMJOUOoPq4tGRHA3jDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T07:30:11.493478Z"},"content_sha256":"9a169ce1c13c326a26c5898a0b2f38905921c3472ed123b843c5939361cf5cd0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9a169ce1c13c326a26c5898a0b2f38905921c3472ed123b843c5939361cf5cd0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQXJG45FZT55","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reintroducing Straight-Through Estimators as Principled Methods for Stochastic Binary Networks","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"primary_cat":"stat.ML","authors_text":"Alexander Shekhovtsov, Viktor Yanush","submitted_at":"2020-06-11T23:58:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Training neural networks with binary weights and activations is a challenging problem due to the lack of gradients and difficulty of optimization over discrete weights. Many successful experimental results have been achieved with empirical straight-through (ST) approaches, proposing a variety of ad-hoc rules for propagating gradients through non-differentiable activations and updating discrete weights. At the same time, ST methods can be truly derived as estimators in the stochastic binary network (SBN) model with Bernoulli weights. We advance these derivations to a more complete and systemati"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2006.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2006.06880/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"O715EKDnQLY/o4eHGYiXiWPEvW32lj/jCO8UFQ7ujG9MJ0oOk2KHGfb1glQo/bgzobTr/j4UhWkcQgEIEqpAAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T07:30:11.494269Z"},"content_sha256":"0e63dec5cd994a9c1672b58b923e7039d128f941da8052b35b2e71795b262c48","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0e63dec5cd994a9c1672b58b923e7039d128f941da8052b35b2e71795b262c48"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQXJG45FZT55/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQXJG45FZT55/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQXJG45FZT55/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T07:30:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQXJG45FZT55","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQXJG45FZT55/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQXJG45FZT55/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQXJG45FZT55/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQXJG45FZT55","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b8de40000d1fc04aa1ad1227517ffb149132d978463ab8da1f9314f84a496e78","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2020-06-11T23:58:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"afa119e7cc319546d972e009067086eedb65789ddadb1b9ede8b7ceddee06f15"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2006.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2006.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2006.06880v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2006.06880","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PD2SXI22BZ7P","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PD2SXI22BZ7PGIUQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PD2SXI22","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0e63dec5cd994a9c1672b58b923e7039d128f941da8052b35b2e71795b262c48","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2006.06880/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Training neural networks with binary weights and activations is a challenging problem due to the lack of gradients and difficulty of optimization over discrete weights. Many successful experimental results have been achieved with empirical straight-through (ST) approaches, proposing a variety of ad-hoc rules for propagating gradients through non-differentiable activations and updating discrete weights. At the same time, ST methods can be truly derived as estimators in the stochastic binary network (SBN) model with Bernoulli weights. We advance these derivations to a more complete and systemati","authors_text":"Alexander Shekhovtsov, Viktor Yanush","cross_cats":["cs.CV","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2020-06-11T23:58:18Z","title":"Reintroducing Straight-Through Estimators as Principled Methods for Stochastic Binary Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2006.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9a169ce1c13c326a26c5898a0b2f38905921c3472ed123b843c5939361cf5cd0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b8de40000d1fc04aa1ad1227517ffb149132d978463ab8da1f9314f84a496e78","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV","cs.LG","cs.NE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ML","submitted_at":"2020-06-11T23:58:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"afa119e7cc319546d972e009067086eedb65789ddadb1b9ede8b7ceddee06f15"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2006.06880","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"78f52ba35a0e7ef32290ba4dce9733ef713c7e1a984d2d2bb67ca0776173b70e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"78f52ba35a0e7ef32290ba4dce9733ef713c7e1a984d2d2bb67ca0776173b70e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36.630570Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36.630570Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"M82l+AVfhPJchZBOsxRcQzXTVceEOxgDfuOHYItZYU3jx8nqk9BPF9h4hFtWanYL2IXyrgBGro/7jOom1kYcDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:36.630932Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2006.06880","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9a169ce1c13c326a26c5898a0b2f38905921c3472ed123b843c5939361cf5cd0","sha256:0e63dec5cd994a9c1672b58b923e7039d128f941da8052b35b2e71795b262c48"],"state_sha256":"b7b8dd1162ab48c43a929af91b0c9792daf5222ffce973378ce85280866d6064"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LkJaaBiB8jQwSIt4xzndgJm1sJBwgLLvmXrk+rDRTxfEaSPKMMoad9Qt/JswGWXUKhfUV8Tw6wsi44WeaFQ2Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T07:30:11.509090Z","bundle_sha256":"46756b099af9327edc7704f2c1b6fbfb39f1d04192a24661620a48ffd9affd26"}}