{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZECCGY3FSIR","short_pith_number":"pith:PDT5GEX5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.0930","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2012-12-05T04:05:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"ac9e6f745eeceaff208764d45a6d88a235b07636ef9e61f9c40c6e9a291025a3","abstract_canon_sha256":"750d5e6eff69602dc16e23a0d188df90bcdd5ffee194880acbc61e0b7074feff"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"78e7d312fdecc6698e3920846c6cb2446851f61b96253fc48fa75b3428045ea3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1212.0930","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.0930","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.0930v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.0930","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PDT5GEX55TDG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PDT5GEX5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZECCGY3FSIR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1212.0930","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2012-12-05T04:05:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"ac9e6f745eeceaff208764d45a6d88a235b07636ef9e61f9c40c6e9a291025a3","abstract_canon_sha256":"750d5e6eff69602dc16e23a0d188df90bcdd5ffee194880acbc61e0b7074feff"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"78e7d312fdecc6698e3920846c6cb2446851f61b96253fc48fa75b3428045ea3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01.497079Z","signature_b64":"UaXHxJreb/hBEREUquAOpHLzNV8GJUIJG7W6Dr5OyovUsJ7tdj1dnoli1lSdww3OamOecUIZI9Tp0Wgx6NMADg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"78e7d312fdecc6698e3920846c6cb2446851f61b96253fc48fa75b3428045ea3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01.496476Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01.496476Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1212.0930","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7b3CfFOBgC1mKFWSlz7/d1kq5kgv1FzRI/8CipC5tXw+gF284yqNo4aBhoPmM7qBnKU3qjP1BZOngVvWEPPiBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:45:04.487907Z"},"content_sha256":"a9eb2def5d748ce48e405f6be09a1180c523a9e50b192162cd033fb27489aad2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a9eb2def5d748ce48e405f6be09a1180c523a9e50b192162cd033fb27489aad2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZECCGY3FSIR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The effect of (NH4)2Sx passivation on the (311)A GaAs surface and its use in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure devices","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"A. D. Wieck, A. M. Burke, A. P. Micolich, A. Rai, D. E. J. Waddington, D. J. Carrad, D. Reuter, P. J. Reece, R. W. Lyttleton","submitted_at":"2012-12-05T04:05:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"We have studied the efficacy of (NH4)2Sx surface passivation on the (311)A GaAs surface. We report XPS studies of simultaneously-grown (311)A and (100) heterostructures showing that the (NH4)2Sx solution removes surface oxide and sulfidizes both surfaces. Passivation is often characterized using photoluminescence measurements, we show that while (NH4)2Sx treatment gives a 40 - 60 x increase in photoluminescence intensity for the (100) surface, an increase of only 2 - 3 x is obtained for the (311)A surface. A corresponding lack of reproducible improvement in the gate hysteresis of (311)A hetero"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.0930","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"p8qz0vWtSbEvJvd9xNhRUqRErcxNQS28WfsVGtNUX5MpZ3OZdapf1yXs0HGvEKs/lxcsr+5eOkuL51DtTigmAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:45:04.488629Z"},"content_sha256":"f1955aaf5cd69f44e5c98b2a385d7b9a11464ab8148b4154786cf4bb936230d5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f1955aaf5cd69f44e5c98b2a385d7b9a11464ab8148b4154786cf4bb936230d5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZECCGY3FSIR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZECCGY3FSIR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZECCGY3FSIR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T21:45:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZECCGY3FSIR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZECCGY3FSIR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZECCGY3FSIR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZECCGY3FSIR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZECCGY3FSIR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"750d5e6eff69602dc16e23a0d188df90bcdd5ffee194880acbc61e0b7074feff","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2012-12-05T04:05:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac9e6f745eeceaff208764d45a6d88a235b07636ef9e61f9c40c6e9a291025a3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.0930","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1212.0930","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1212.0930v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1212.0930","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PDT5GEX55TDG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PDT5GEX55TDGTDRZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PDT5GEX5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f1955aaf5cd69f44e5c98b2a385d7b9a11464ab8148b4154786cf4bb936230d5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We have studied the efficacy of (NH4)2Sx surface passivation on the (311)A GaAs surface. We report XPS studies of simultaneously-grown (311)A and (100) heterostructures showing that the (NH4)2Sx solution removes surface oxide and sulfidizes both surfaces. Passivation is often characterized using photoluminescence measurements, we show that while (NH4)2Sx treatment gives a 40 - 60 x increase in photoluminescence intensity for the (100) surface, an increase of only 2 - 3 x is obtained for the (311)A surface. A corresponding lack of reproducible improvement in the gate hysteresis of (311)A hetero","authors_text":"A. D. Wieck, A. M. Burke, A. P. Micolich, A. Rai, D. E. J. Waddington, D. J. Carrad, D. Reuter, P. J. Reece, R. W. Lyttleton","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2012-12-05T04:05:21Z","title":"The effect of (NH4)2Sx passivation on the (311)A GaAs surface and its use in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure devices"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1212.0930","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a9eb2def5d748ce48e405f6be09a1180c523a9e50b192162cd033fb27489aad2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"750d5e6eff69602dc16e23a0d188df90bcdd5ffee194880acbc61e0b7074feff","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2012-12-05T04:05:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac9e6f745eeceaff208764d45a6d88a235b07636ef9e61f9c40c6e9a291025a3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1212.0930","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"78e7d312fdecc6698e3920846c6cb2446851f61b96253fc48fa75b3428045ea3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"78e7d312fdecc6698e3920846c6cb2446851f61b96253fc48fa75b3428045ea3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01.496476Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01.496476Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UaXHxJreb/hBEREUquAOpHLzNV8GJUIJG7W6Dr5OyovUsJ7tdj1dnoli1lSdww3OamOecUIZI9Tp0Wgx6NMADg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:19:01.497079Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1212.0930","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a9eb2def5d748ce48e405f6be09a1180c523a9e50b192162cd033fb27489aad2","sha256:f1955aaf5cd69f44e5c98b2a385d7b9a11464ab8148b4154786cf4bb936230d5"],"state_sha256":"b55aa75e3ba33c13a497439d767b7d11fa9ff45b2d2f4f8658535b9a4598dd26"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VLlU+HI+wbJjeYPXluBmUvVnvAao+nzNsE6TTYmTHTwzX3Qf92xSB+suePjHE8DrQdXBodu36PYRM+e6qaZqBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:45:04.492404Z","bundle_sha256":"ddd32f0248b9b31f5498a3d16b7702b2f834eafe29962759343d6b8f67ce7541"}}