{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2020:PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA","short_pith_number":"pith:PEE4UPRP","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"7909ca3e2fad946ad23adf65c2f82c78087041f3632d6155405128d8787926d4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2001.11569","version":4},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Tiny noise, big mistakes: Adversarial perturbations induce errors in Brain-Computer Interface spellers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","eess.SP"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Chin-Teng Lin, Dongrui Wu, Hanbin Luo, Lieyun Ding, Ricardo Chavarriaga, Tzyy-Ping Jung, Xiao Zhang","submitted_at":"2020-01-30T21:18:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"An electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) speller allows a user to input text to a computer by thought. It is particularly useful to severely disabled individuals, e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, who have no other effective means of communication with another person or a computer. Most studies so far focused on making EEG-based BCI spellers faster and more reliable; however, few have considered their security. This study, for the first time, shows that P300 and steady-state visual evoked potential BCI spellers are very vulnerable, i.e., they can be severe"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2001.11569","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2020-01-30T21:18:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP"],"title_canon_sha256":"2569afcaa8f5c5cea0d32ef14c3be8ed96f4c6bd0925dafa6e2a8587d03c363b","abstract_canon_sha256":"1fe463592697d64be1fc3cee3ba681b0e8def1d2400ad280072a641d04963f90"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:33.265928Z","signature_b64":"lPtoEssGSTApAyNFRQ2T30x9fp7m6Tqcwn5AyrV+nz0A182QPyQAwMUZxWCJa/eZLUO2Pv8FXaQlu19T7rlfBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7909ca3e2fad946ad23adf65c2f82c78087041f3632d6155405128d8787926d4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:33.265341Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:33.265341Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Tiny noise, big mistakes: Adversarial perturbations induce errors in Brain-Computer Interface spellers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","eess.SP"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Chin-Teng Lin, Dongrui Wu, Hanbin Luo, Lieyun Ding, Ricardo Chavarriaga, Tzyy-Ping Jung, Xiao Zhang","submitted_at":"2020-01-30T21:18:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"An electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) speller allows a user to input text to a computer by thought. It is particularly useful to severely disabled individuals, e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, who have no other effective means of communication with another person or a computer. Most studies so far focused on making EEG-based BCI spellers faster and more reliable; however, few have considered their security. This study, for the first time, shows that P300 and steady-state visual evoked potential BCI spellers are very vulnerable, i.e., they can be severe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2001.11569","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2001.11569/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2001.11569","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:33.265430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2001.11569v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:33.265430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2001.11569","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:33.265430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PEE4UPRPVWKG","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:33.265430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:33.265430+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PEE4UPRP","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:33.265430+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA","json":"https://pith.science/pith/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/PEE4UPRP"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/PEE4UPRP","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2001.11569&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/PEE4UPRPVWKGVUR235S4F6BMPA/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:33.265430+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T05:15:33.265430+00:00"}