{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI2KOBLSQTJE","short_pith_number":"pith:PEIMHDNI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1902.04363","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-02-12T12:51:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"d5ae0a78b2f847cb82e4a16a2473e45e524f91294cee4717dee8d7eba17b24d4","abstract_canon_sha256":"4cbebf68505dd3a6b9baa94a8ee7a318645746501de64ba63ac3f037590dbac5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7910c38da86aab85ce28d29c15ca1349219c45264339f480afc080d71fa7e95f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1902.04363","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.04363","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.04363v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.04363","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PEIMHDNINKVY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PEIMHDNI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI2KOBLSQTJE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1902.04363","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-02-12T12:51:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"d5ae0a78b2f847cb82e4a16a2473e45e524f91294cee4717dee8d7eba17b24d4","abstract_canon_sha256":"4cbebf68505dd3a6b9baa94a8ee7a318645746501de64ba63ac3f037590dbac5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7910c38da86aab85ce28d29c15ca1349219c45264339f480afc080d71fa7e95f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.838965Z","signature_b64":"rd/AwLOaPz2GszpNrGGmlK7xZltgvr5vIUvUBfx/I3/edGXRUsPWtdpniOPw9a18yr9LMRdvCaS8uDJnevVhCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7910c38da86aab85ce28d29c15ca1349219c45264339f480afc080d71fa7e95f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.838531Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.838531Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1902.04363","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2DFc/Krj23INugJgd+wlKq95etb2FMxwN4pvDc6BjgOhVGVENvWjJPQ4TIN5IDJGSPpiBQRlf1P7BC39VLc+Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T23:19:05.716113Z"},"content_sha256":"11e960d04cecb20657b0f3dec48db2dc6a0c4c28eb958dee7dfd5319b4d57c60","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:11e960d04cecb20657b0f3dec48db2dc6a0c4c28eb958dee7dfd5319b4d57c60"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI2KOBLSQTJE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Asymptotic Performance Analysis of Blockchain Protocols","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Antoine Durand, David Leporini, Elyes Ben-Hamida, G\\'erard Memmi","submitted_at":"2019-02-12T12:51:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"In the light of the recent fame of Blockchain technologies, numerous proposals and projects aiming at better practical viability have emerged. However, formally assessing their particularities and benefits has proven to be a difficult task. The aim of this work is to compare the fundamental differences of such protocols to understand how they lead to different practical performances. To reach this goal, we undertake a complexity analysis of a wide range of prominent distributed algorithms proposed for blockchain systems, under the lens of Total Order Broadcast protocols. We sampled protocols d"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.04363","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wR9knw3biTnieozUO9fkMKwmOTX4RXKtzLnL22lDdYBOwRBiJTHuSLVLaq9dPZxXxiNwAv/LRacwVKH92uFMAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T23:19:05.716464Z"},"content_sha256":"797c08b6a35781d40d644f4469d29b58bad726e523e3539f0ef4bc3d50dc02b3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:797c08b6a35781d40d644f4469d29b58bad726e523e3539f0ef4bc3d50dc02b3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI2KOBLSQTJE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI2KOBLSQTJE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI2KOBLSQTJE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-21T23:19:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI2KOBLSQTJE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI2KOBLSQTJE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI2KOBLSQTJE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI2KOBLSQTJE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI2KOBLSQTJE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4cbebf68505dd3a6b9baa94a8ee7a318645746501de64ba63ac3f037590dbac5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-02-12T12:51:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"d5ae0a78b2f847cb82e4a16a2473e45e524f91294cee4717dee8d7eba17b24d4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.04363","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.04363","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.04363v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.04363","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PEIMHDNINKVY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PEIMHDNINKVYLTRI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PEIMHDNI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:797c08b6a35781d40d644f4469d29b58bad726e523e3539f0ef4bc3d50dc02b3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In the light of the recent fame of Blockchain technologies, numerous proposals and projects aiming at better practical viability have emerged. However, formally assessing their particularities and benefits has proven to be a difficult task. The aim of this work is to compare the fundamental differences of such protocols to understand how they lead to different practical performances. To reach this goal, we undertake a complexity analysis of a wide range of prominent distributed algorithms proposed for blockchain systems, under the lens of Total Order Broadcast protocols. We sampled protocols d","authors_text":"Antoine Durand, David Leporini, Elyes Ben-Hamida, G\\'erard Memmi","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-02-12T12:51:53Z","title":"Asymptotic Performance Analysis of Blockchain Protocols"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.04363","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:11e960d04cecb20657b0f3dec48db2dc6a0c4c28eb958dee7dfd5319b4d57c60","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4cbebf68505dd3a6b9baa94a8ee7a318645746501de64ba63ac3f037590dbac5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2019-02-12T12:51:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"d5ae0a78b2f847cb82e4a16a2473e45e524f91294cee4717dee8d7eba17b24d4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.04363","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"7910c38da86aab85ce28d29c15ca1349219c45264339f480afc080d71fa7e95f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7910c38da86aab85ce28d29c15ca1349219c45264339f480afc080d71fa7e95f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.838531Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.838531Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rd/AwLOaPz2GszpNrGGmlK7xZltgvr5vIUvUBfx/I3/edGXRUsPWtdpniOPw9a18yr9LMRdvCaS8uDJnevVhCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:32.838965Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1902.04363","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:11e960d04cecb20657b0f3dec48db2dc6a0c4c28eb958dee7dfd5319b4d57c60","sha256:797c08b6a35781d40d644f4469d29b58bad726e523e3539f0ef4bc3d50dc02b3"],"state_sha256":"3da239f48a082cdc9e2ef72008200751bba9d279ca492ccffec139469cb831a8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5LiwRbqgHJ44DIwr295XFQuWoIetWWi4RI95sMBBVq7kZmVUcoRNKgO7xTG5DAC1121ORduRBTJTdfLBdw4yAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-21T23:19:05.718310Z","bundle_sha256":"095aa1b94fd49b227b673e99518d83c598ffef597aa6b31671d495dee4fba4db"}}