{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIMT3KQESIQF5","short_pith_number":"pith:PGVT4FVO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.05179","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T04:10:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"35a9d72d7cf6f3099862d13128a948050080280ffa01c0f125bc8b7f1a9a4f29","abstract_canon_sha256":"06c5c0041e644ce0d8133cb981fa45a603329ac866ddf45149f745ec8621a06c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"79ab3e16aeca583d090c9ed50249102f576c01cbcc892261aafaef035af4f44e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2109.05179","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.05179","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.05179v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.05179","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PGVT4FVOZJMD","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIM","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PGVT4FVO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIMT3KQESIQF5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.05179","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T04:10:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"35a9d72d7cf6f3099862d13128a948050080280ffa01c0f125bc8b7f1a9a4f29","abstract_canon_sha256":"06c5c0041e644ce0d8133cb981fa45a603329ac866ddf45149f745ec8621a06c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"79ab3e16aeca583d090c9ed50249102f576c01cbcc892261aafaef035af4f44e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12.144889Z","signature_b64":"rozcJuHb9KSumQM+FtCf0QVjz6KOhtsSEJceN5Or+nQkfurRDJ724+DGIM7ndmm03apSwdW+Pcb+5FwvompICQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"79ab3e16aeca583d090c9ed50249102f576c01cbcc892261aafaef035af4f44e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12.144493Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12.144493Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2109.05179","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"p94vp2rs2RdKyVuPr08e/iPHk//uhTJm9v1GX764FTMgV/f5qKVxmt6jWR/Dz325qotivy+b+AS88idmdoyODQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:06:12.028548Z"},"content_sha256":"07133f9b2a27a44005fdc0592c09e1a856dfac0dafca8fc6ceb52212f9b9cb9f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:07133f9b2a27a44005fdc0592c09e1a856dfac0dafca8fc6ceb52212f9b9cb9f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIMT3KQESIQF5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Asking Questions Like Educational Experts: Automatically Generating Question-Answer Pairs on Real-World Examination Data","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Fanyi Qu, Xin Jia, Yunfang Wu","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T04:10:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Generating high quality question-answer pairs is a hard but meaningful task. Although previous works have achieved great results on answer-aware question generation, it is difficult to apply them into practical application in the education field. This paper for the first time addresses the question-answer pair generation task on the real-world examination data, and proposes a new unified framework on RACE. To capture the important information of the input passage we first automatically generate(rather than extracting) keyphrases, thus this task is reduced to keyphrase-question-answer triplet j"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.05179","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2109.05179/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ek1cz7N+2qc+vAaIGu/C4cPLXyzHU/Ho/C3PcaUwnZU1ZlydLNTQ6U8lCdWSWvg2r1g3Fs7F8y9W8momkqhaAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:06:12.028922Z"},"content_sha256":"ef2185407fec64ab2edc53bacf81b0446adfc701cf626f0942d029f256ce10b2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ef2185407fec64ab2edc53bacf81b0446adfc701cf626f0942d029f256ce10b2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIMT3KQESIQF5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIMT3KQESIQF5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIMT3KQESIQF5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T19:06:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIMT3KQESIQF5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIMT3KQESIQF5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIMT3KQESIQF5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIMT3KQESIQF5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIMT3KQESIQF5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"06c5c0041e644ce0d8133cb981fa45a603329ac866ddf45149f745ec8621a06c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T04:10:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"35a9d72d7cf6f3099862d13128a948050080280ffa01c0f125bc8b7f1a9a4f29"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.05179","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.05179","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.05179v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.05179","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PGVT4FVOZJMD","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PGVT4FVOZJMD2CIM","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PGVT4FVO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ef2185407fec64ab2edc53bacf81b0446adfc701cf626f0942d029f256ce10b2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2109.05179/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Generating high quality question-answer pairs is a hard but meaningful task. Although previous works have achieved great results on answer-aware question generation, it is difficult to apply them into practical application in the education field. This paper for the first time addresses the question-answer pair generation task on the real-world examination data, and proposes a new unified framework on RACE. To capture the important information of the input passage we first automatically generate(rather than extracting) keyphrases, thus this task is reduced to keyphrase-question-answer triplet j","authors_text":"Fanyi Qu, Xin Jia, Yunfang Wu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T04:10:57Z","title":"Asking Questions Like Educational Experts: Automatically Generating Question-Answer Pairs on Real-World Examination Data"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.05179","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:07133f9b2a27a44005fdc0592c09e1a856dfac0dafca8fc6ceb52212f9b9cb9f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"06c5c0041e644ce0d8133cb981fa45a603329ac866ddf45149f745ec8621a06c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-09-11T04:10:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"35a9d72d7cf6f3099862d13128a948050080280ffa01c0f125bc8b7f1a9a4f29"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.05179","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"79ab3e16aeca583d090c9ed50249102f576c01cbcc892261aafaef035af4f44e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"79ab3e16aeca583d090c9ed50249102f576c01cbcc892261aafaef035af4f44e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12.144493Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12.144493Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rozcJuHb9KSumQM+FtCf0QVjz6KOhtsSEJceN5Or+nQkfurRDJ724+DGIM7ndmm03apSwdW+Pcb+5FwvompICQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:15:12.144889Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2109.05179","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:07133f9b2a27a44005fdc0592c09e1a856dfac0dafca8fc6ceb52212f9b9cb9f","sha256:ef2185407fec64ab2edc53bacf81b0446adfc701cf626f0942d029f256ce10b2"],"state_sha256":"2bc63805b9aa7fc9ef7497fc487e9d82182d59d76be4debac18cd7832c35c5de"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mwYuWHDIERVwq6ftV75+yXcW2/ec8oIsDbkR0XA8c3bGqGBVqQ/xHBN+n4lMU45AW/cIJemCBt7S5H/UnjprBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T19:06:12.030866Z","bundle_sha256":"8913805ad1d91f4c25db32d7720114dad25432a9772b3b64f3f895add7f4b944"}}